摘要：An improved design method of pervious concrete was proposed to lower the deviation between the designed and actual porosity and maintain both mechanical property and permeability of pervious concrete. The improved design method is mainly based on the optimal volume ratio of paste to aggregate(VRPA), which was determined by testing the average thickness of cement paste coating aggregate. The performances of pervious concrete designed by the traditional method and the improved one were compared. The results show that with the increase of designed porosity, the reduction of compressive strength and flexural strength of pervious concrete designed by the improved method is significantly smaller than those designed by the traditional one. The maximum deviation between the designed and actual porosity of the pervious concrete by the improved method is only 1.54%, which is far less than 8.7% obtained by the traditional one. Micro-structural analysis shows that the porous distribution of pervious concrete designed by improved method exhibits better uniformity.

摘要：The application of thermoelectric devices(TEDs)for personalized thermoregulation is attractive for saving energy while balancing the quality of *** that directly attach to human skin remarkably minimized the energy wasted for cooling the entire ***,facing the extreme dynamic geometry change and strain of human skin,conventional TEDs cannot align with the contour of our bodies for the best thermoregulation ***,we designed a kirigami-based wearable TED with excellent water vapor permeability,flexibility,and *** analysis and experimental results reveal that our product can withstand various types of large mechanical deformation without circuit *** stated outcome and proposed facile approach not only reinforce the development of wearable TEDs but also offer an innovative opportunity for different electronics that require high conformability.

摘要：为了解决目前绿色产品设计方案中产品基础属性考虑欠缺,以及缺乏可视化比较方法的问题,提出一种基于3D矢量空间和最优最劣法(Best worst method,BWM)的绿色产品设计多属性决策方法。通过功能、外观和可持续3个维度为绿色产品设计的基础属性构建3D矢量空间,并对每个维度扩充其包含的下级属性;利用间隔方法优化的BWM获得三个维度及各维度下级属性的权重分配;通过3D矢量空间求得各备选方案的总体评价得分,实现客观科学的绿色产品设计多属性决策。以电动汽车的绿色产品设计方案为例,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。

摘要：Sudden earthquakes pose a threat to the running safety of trains on high-speed railway bridges,and the stiffness of piers is one of the factors affecting the dynamic response of train-track-bridge *** this paper,a experiment of a train running on a high-speed railway bridge is performed based on a dynamic experiment system,and the corresponding numerical model is *** reliability of the numerical model is verified by ***,the experiment and numerical data are analyzed to reveal the pier height effects on the running safety of trains on *** results show that when the pier height changes,the frequency of the bridge below the 30 m pier height changes greater;the increase of pier height causes the transverse fundamental frequency of the bridge close to that of the train,and the shaking angle and lateral displacement of the train are the largest for bridge with 50 m pier,which increases the risk of derailment;with the pier height increases from 8 m to 50 m,the derailment coefficient obtained by numerical simulations increases by 75% on average,and the spectral intensity obtained by experiments increases by 120% on average,two indicators exhibit logarithmic variation.

摘要：星载二维转台是空间相机等光电设备的主要承载机构,U型架是转台的关键支撑部件。为了对星载二维转台U型架进行结构优化与轻量化设计,研制高承载比和轻量化的星载二维转台,本文设计了一种用于星载二维转台的碳纤维复合材料U型架。首先,利用碳纤维复合材料代替钛合金材料,结合考虑工艺性,设计了一种变截面管状结构U型架。接着,按照基于铺层工艺的有限元建模方法对碳纤维U型架进行有限元建模与仿真分析。然后,试制U型架样机并通过模态试验验证有限元模型的准确性。最后,提出一种理论分析法、遗传算法、有限元法相结合的三级优化方法对碳纤维U型架铺层角度、铺层厚度与铺层顺序进行优化设计。结果表明:模态试验与仿真得到的U型架振型完全一致,频率相差在5%以内。初始设计的碳纤维U型架比钛合金U型架质量减少了45.7%,通过对复合材料铺层的优化设计,使U型架质量进一步减少了13.8%,固有频率提升了10.14%。本文所采用的复合材料建模与优化方法正确,设计的碳纤维U型架满足星载二维转台轻量化设计需求。

摘要：黏性土路基在长期干旱气候条件下易出现干缩开裂的现象,针对该问题提出利用毛细屏障盖层(Capillary Barrier Cover,CBC)代替防渗土工膜或注浆帷幕等传统工程措施来维持路基水分场的稳定。通过开展黄土路基物理模型试验对该方法的有效性进行验证,并基于非饱和土力学理论对其内在机理进行分析。物理模型试验结果表明:在持续15 d的高温(35℃~50℃)天气下,无毛细屏障盖层一侧的路基中观测点含水率下降了4.6%~7.9%,且路基顶部和斜坡位置均发生了干缩开裂;与之相比,铺设毛细屏障盖层一侧的路基对应位置处含水率仅下降了1.0%~2.0%,路基水分场均匀且无任何开裂现象;同时,由于细粒土层的隔热保温效应,铺设毛细屏障盖层侧的路基温度场较未铺设一侧总体低5.5℃;这说明毛细屏障盖层能够对路基水温场进行调控,有效地抑制路基中水分的蒸发。在此基础上,建立了与路基物理模型相对应的有限元数值模型,分析了毛细屏障盖层主要设计参数对其性能的影响规律。数值模型试验结果表明:随着盖层系统中粗粒土和细粒土厚度的增加,路基蒸发失水量均有所降低,但前者影响更为显著;当粗粒土层厚度增加40 mm时,路基各测点含水率降幅为1.7%~4.5%,而细粒土层增加同样厚度引起的变化不到1.0%;此外,毛细屏障盖层中土体的初始含水状态对路基水分场变化影响不大,实际工程设计中可从土体是否便于压实的角度来考虑其含水率取值。

摘要：本文提出了一种射流式微通道热沉用以解决高热流密度热点散热问题。以氨为工质,开展流动沸腾实验,研究对比了微通道与驻点区结构对热沉性能的影响。优化所得的“四周针肋+中心多圆锥”热沉在1 mm×6 mm热点区域752 W·cm^(-2)的热负载下,可维持热源加热面温度低于57.1℃,对应热阻0.69 K·W^(-1),压损5.1 k Pa。针对优选热沉开展的串联实验研究表明,上游热沉热负载的改变会导致下游热沉入口干度变化,进而影响其流动换热性能。

摘要：针对信息技术在嵌入高中物理教学时出现的技术与内容脱节、流于形式等困境,文章在TPACK理论框架下,从技术、内容、教学三个维度切入,搭建高中物理TPACK教学框架,以“自由落体运动”教学设计为例,勾勒出信息技术在高中物理教学中的实践路径,推动学生学习效益的提高,促进学生物理学科核心素养的培育。

摘要：针对传统InSAR技术在监测地表形变时受对流层延迟影响的问题,利用地面实测气象参数和NCEP气象再分析资料建立大气校正模型,对生成的鄞州区干涉图进行对流层延迟校正,获取鄞州区2018~2020年高精度地表形变分布。为分析不同大气校正模型对对流层延迟效应的削弱效果,将监测结果与同期实测水准数据作对比。结果发现,地面气象信息模型、NCEP气象再分析资料模型和未加大气校正的InSAR监测结果的均方根误差RMSE分别为2.78 mm、3.86 mm、5.62 mm,表明利用地面气象信息模型校正大气相位误差具有更高的监测精度,能有效削弱对流层延迟对干涉测量结果的影响。

摘要：建设一流专业,深化课程改革,将创新创业教育融入人才培养全过程,持续提升创新创业教育水平,是培养大学生科技人才的重要途径。基于省一流专业建设背景下,本文根据《粮油加工副产物综合利用》课程性质与特点,围绕教学目标,在创新创业教育理念指导下,探索开发与实施粮食工程专业大学生实践案例教学的方法。为改善课程授课形式单一、实践教学环节薄弱、教学评估维度单一等教学现实困境,通过产业案例启发教学、课堂展示、小组创新实验设计开发、科学家精神培育及延伸第二课堂科创竞赛教学等改进举措和多维评估持续机制,以构建基于“课堂-实验-实践”建设思路的“三位一体”创新创业教学协同育人平台,多维度激发学生创新创业能力。以期通过专业课程为载体,搭建平台育人体系,推动专业知识与学生创新创业能力的平衡发展,从而提高粮食工程创新创业人才培养水平。