摘要：The erosion shape and the law of development of debris flow sabo dam downstream is a weak part in the study on debris flow erosion. The shape and development of scour pit have an important effect on the stability and safety of debris flow sabo dam, which determines the foundational depth of the dam and the design of protective measures downstream. Study on the scouring law of sabo dam downstream can evaluate the erosion range and reasonably arrange auxiliary protective engineering. Therefore, a series of flume experiments are carried out including different debris flow characteristics （density is varying from 1.5 t/m3 to 2.1 t/m~） and different gully longitudinal slopes. The result shows that the scour pit appears as an oval shape in a plane and deep in the middle while superficial at the ends in the longitudinal section, the position of the maximum depth point moves towards downstream with an increase of flume slope angle. The maximum depth of scour pit is mainly affected by the longitudinal slope of gully, density of debris flow, and the characteristics of gully composition （particle size and the viscosity of soil）. The result also indicates that the viscosity of soil will weaken the erosion extent. The interior slopes of scour pit are different between the upstream and the downstream, and the downstream slope is smaller than the upper one. For the viscous and non-viscous sands with the same distribution of gradation, the interior slope of non- viscous sand is smaller than the viscous *** to tbe regression analysis on the experimental data, the quantitative relationship between the interior slope of scour pit, slope of repose under water and the longitudinal slope of gully is established and it can be used to calculate the interior slope of scour pit. The results can provide the basis for the parameter design of the debris flow control engineering foundation.

摘要：合理的雨量阈值指标是保障泥石流预警报准确性的关键,对于研究泥石流形成机制、分析预测未来活动特点以及指导防治工程设计等方面均具有重要意义。由于国内山区大多数泥石流沟均无降雨和灾害资料,目前国内外通行的实证法和频率计算法不能满足其泥石流预警报的需要。通过分析泥石流预警区的降雨条件、水文特征及下垫面条件,提出了基于水力类泥石流起动机制来计算泥石流预警雨量阈值的方法。主要根据流域地形及松散固体物质等特征,计算该流域泥石流起动的临界水深,并结合流域产汇流机制、特征降雨量随海拔变化规律、暴雨雨型特征,进而计算该流域泥石流预警雨量阈值。研究成果在四川省凉山州宁南县城后山史家沟流域进行了应用和验证,结果表明该方法具有合理性和可行性。该方法解决了缺资料地区泥石流预警报的难题,为山区泥石流预警报提供了一种新的思路。

摘要：目的探讨帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对全麻患者拔管期应激反应和耐管的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜胆囊摘除术的全麻患者45例,采用随机双盲设计方法分成三组,每组15例,帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛组(A组):术前30min静注溶于2ml生理盐水中帕瑞昔布钠40mg,术毕缝皮时予生理盐水2ml;帕瑞昔布钠镇痛组(B组):术前30min予生理盐水2ml,术毕缝皮时静注溶于2ml生理盐水中帕瑞昔布钠40mg;对照组(C组):5%复方利多卡因乳膏涂布气管导管,术前30min、术毕缝皮时均予生理盐水2ml。A、B组术前5%复方利多卡因乳膏涂布气管导管。记录用药前、手术结束时、拔管时患者MAP、HR和SpO2的变化以及拔管即刻患者耐管情况和拔管后疼痛VAS评分,抽血检测三组患者用药前、手术结束时、拔管时血浆皮质醇和血糖浓度。结果 A、B组在拔管时HR慢于、MAP低于C组,而A组HR慢于、MAP低于B组(P<0.05);在手术结束和拔管时,A、B组血糖和皮质醇浓度低于C组,而A组低于B组(P<0.05);在拔管即刻,A、B组耐管评分和拔管后疼痛VAS评分显著低于C组,而A组低于B组(P<0.05)。结论帕瑞昔布钠术前应用可减少全麻术后围拔管期应激反应和耐管,其机制可能与超前镇痛有关。

摘要：降雨是诱发边坡失稳破坏的主要原因,本文以坡地水文模型为基础,结合无限边坡稳定计算模型,研究降雨条件下边坡启动的临界降雨条件。通过工程算例表明:降雨量与边坡体稳定系数成反比;滑坡启动的临界降雨量随边坡坡度的增大而减少;随边坡土体内摩擦角的增加而逐渐增加,此分析对降雨型滑坡的研究有借鉴性的意义。

摘要：在分析国内外各种解决生产线作业调度问题方法的基础上，引出生产线调度Ｊｏｂ－Ｓｈｏｐ问题的数学模型。针对该模型，用遗传算法对其进行优化调度。首先针对优化目标进行染色体编码，定义群体规模，然后设计适应度函数，最后通过选择、交叉、变异等操作，得到目标的全局较优解。本文针对某一工程实例，给出了此调度算法的仿真结果。

摘要：土石坝填料一般处于平面应变状态,目前填料力学特性研究基本采用大型三轴试验。由于三轴应力状态下中主应力等于小主应力,平面应变状态下大坝填料的力学性能会被低估。为充分认识填料潜能,科学设计和合理评估土石坝,有必要对填料开展平面应变试验研究。应用大型真三轴仪对填料进行了大型平面应变试验,共开展了4种不同初始干密度的粗粒土平面应变各向等压固结排水剪切试验。结果表明:应力-应变关系主要为应变硬化型,应力曲线呈爬升型,体变表现为剪缩。某一小主应力下,大小主应力之差的最大值随初始干密度的增大呈线性增大;初始干密度一定时,大小主应力之差的最大值与小主应力呈线性关系增大。初始剪切阶段,小主应力一定时,偏应力与球应力之比曲线斜率随初始干密度的增大而增大,随剪切变形的发展,不同初始干密度的应力比曲线逐渐趋于接近。偏应力随球应力的增大单调增加则对应应变硬化型,若偏应力随球应力的增大先增加后减小则对应应变软化型。相同小主应力时,初始弹性模量随初始干密度的增大而增大,近似呈线性关系;某一初始干密度下,初始弹性模量随小主应力的增大基本呈线性关系增大。中主应力系数随大主应力方向应变的增大而增大,曲线形态呈三折线形,初始剪切阶段增长较为缓慢,随剪切变形的增大增长相对加快并呈线性关系增大,如曲线末端下弯为应变硬化型,曲线末端上翘为应变软化型。

摘要：The cooling control of the melt during the casting process is of great significance. A comprehensive closed-loop cooling control of castings by adopting a skeletal sand mold design was proposed. The skeletal sand mold consisting of an adaptive shell, functional cavities and a support was designed and created based on the finite difference meshes of a casting. It was applied to a round wall test casting. Two kinds of skeletal sand molds, one with lattice support and the other with enforcing ribs for this casting were designed and printed out by the 3 D printing(3 DP) method. Aluminum alloy A356 was cast by using these two sand molds. The first mold was cooled by natural convection, the other one by water spray cooling. Two sound castings were obtained. The sand mold temperature, cooling curves, microstructures, mechanical properties, residual stress and deformation were measured, compared and discussed. Water spray cooling hastened the cooling rate by 62%, increased the content of Mg and Cu in the α-Al matrix, improved the mechanical properties, and altered the surface residual stress state.

摘要：在某高速公路深挖路堑边坡工程建设(高度81m)过程中,在施工前结合勘察深入研究了边坡的稳定性,进行了开挖和加固工程设计,在施工过程中进行了施工监测和动态设计,施工完成后进行了系统的总结归纳,提出了施工前勘察、稳定性分析和防护工程设计,施工期施工监测与动态设计,施工后分析与总结归纳的系统的公路深挖路堑边坡工程动态设计方法。

摘要：在传统的桁架式Spar设计过程中,设计人员通常只选择一个或两个学科作为某个阶段的设计目标,而没有把设计过程作为一个整体进行研究。同时,传统的设计方法没有充分考虑决定Spar性能的多个学科之间的相互影响和耦合作用。因而,传统的设计方法很难获得最优的设计方案。为解决这一问题,该文将多学科设计优化方法引入桁架式Spar的概念设计,以实现真正的设计优化。文中首先介绍了桁架式Spar的传统设计方法以及多学科设计优化的基本理论,讨论了如何将多学科优化技术应用于Spar平台的概念设计。进而提出了一种适用于Spar设计的多学科设计优化方法—基于响应面的协同优化方法,并基于该方法,建立了桁架式Spar的设计优化框架。最后,对今后的研究方向提出了几点建议。

摘要：随着以CAD/CAM为代表的先进制造技术的广泛应用,工艺数据量不断增加,为有效复用数控加工工艺数据中不同粒度的工艺设计意图,提出一种融合工艺设计意图的工艺数据多层次结构化表征方法。通过刀位线段投影方法揭示三维CAD模型与CAM模型之间的关联关系。在此基础上以多层次结构化数控工艺模型为引导,分析工艺过程中内嵌的不同粒度的工艺设计意图,实现工艺数据的多层次结构化表征。以三轴数控铣削加工零件为研究对象,开发了一个基于CATIA的原型系统,验证了所提方法的有效性。