摘要：Purpose: To test the effectiveness of sitting surfaces with varied amounts of stability on muscle activity and energy ***: Using a within-participants repeated measures design, 11 healthy young-adult females(age = 20.0 ± 1.8 years) were measured using indirect calorimetry to assess energy expenditure, and electromyography to assess muscular activation in trunk and leg musculature under 3different sitting surfaces: flat-firm surface, air-filled cushion, and a stability ball. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with follow-up pairwise contrasts used to determine the specific effects of sitting surface on muscle activation and energy ***: Significantly greater energy expenditure was recorded for the stability ball(p = 0.01) and the cushion(p = 0.03) over the flat surface(10.4% and 9.6% greater, respectively), with no differences between the ball and the cushion. Both the ball and the cushion produced higher tibialis anterior activation over the flat surface(1.09 and 0.63 root-mean-square millivolts(RMSmv), respectively), while the stability ball produced higher soleus activity over both cushion and flat surfaces(3.97 and 4.24 RMSmv, respectively). Additionally, the cushion elicited higher adductor longus activity over the ball and flat surfaces(1.76 and 1.81 RMSmv, respectively), but no trunk musculature differences were ***: Compliant surfaces resulted in higher levels of muscular activation in the lower extremities facilitating increased caloric *** the increasing trends in sedentary careers and the increases in obesity, this is an important finding to validate the merits of active sitting facilitating increased caloric expenditure and muscle activation.

摘要：作为高等工程教育的崭新改革方案,CDIO教学模式受到国内外高校的高度重视。作为CDIO工程教育改革的一项重要内容,天津大学生物与制药工程专业较早在国内引入药品化学品的质量源于设计课程。该课程以新颖的理念和创新的项目教学法,以质量设计为核心内容,让学生掌握有关药品、食品、生物化学品的质量工程与设计,以及相关的法律法规,并通过分组讨论、分工协作和实施等完成设置任务,提高学生的沟通、协作和综合素质。本文详细介绍了该课程的具体实施情况。

摘要：研究纳米器件和超大规模集成电路制造中污染物的来源及其特点.列出简单方便、实用有效的清除污染物的方法和步骤,通过该方法,可以清除基底表面大于300 nm的有机和无机污染物.给出简单地检测和评估基底表面污染物含量和大小的方法,并设计一种实验室在线测量空气中悬浮粒子浓度的简单设备,提出制备超纯净水的工艺流程.

摘要：目的通过对青海省黄南藏族自治州的短期走访考察,探讨我国以青海省为代表的西部边远高原地区创伤救治体系及创伤中心建立的条件,设计及实施方法。方法2018年8月对青海省黄南藏族自治州所辖的4个县(尖扎县,河南蒙古族自治县,泽库县,同仁县)进行了为期1个月的实地走访考察,初步调查了4个县人民医院的基本急诊急救情况,对各医疗机构的规模,科室设置,患者类型,地理、人文情况,以及医疗机构间的交通、路况等进行了实地的考察与座谈。结果4所县人民医院均为所在县最大的且唯一的二级甲等西医综合性医院,主要负责辖区内百姓的慢病治疗、公共卫生以及创伤患者的救治。创伤为各家医院急诊疾病谱中的第一位疾病。黄南藏族自治州为高原地区,4所州人民医院的平均海拔为2928.2 m,汽车为创伤急救及转运的唯一交通工具,4所医院之间的平均汽车时间为122.5 min,4所医院间的平均车程为110.2 km,4所医院距青海省创伤救治中心的平均车程为199.25 km,汽车时间平均为175 min。尖扎县、河南蒙古族自治县、泽库县3个县规模较小,只设有综合内科及综合外科。急诊科正在建设或建立不久,缺乏合理规范的救治分区,设备尚齐备,但人员缺乏系统规范培训。结论以青海省黄南藏族自治州为代表我国西部高原地区,自然气候条件恶劣,随着西部大开发及经济建设的高速发展,创伤发生率高,但相应的救治条件和水平有待提高,建立以省会医院为创伤医学中心,州人民医院为创伤救治中心,县人民医院为创伤救治点的符合地域特点的区域性创伤救治体系并大力开展创伤从业人员相关培训可以提高当地的创伤救治水平。