摘要：The serrated incisors of grasshopper [Chondracris rosea rosea （De Geer）] possess an advantageous capacity for cutting plant fiber. Inspired by this special geometrical structure of incisors, bionic saw blade was designed and manufactured. MATLAB software digital image processing technology was used to obtain outer margin profile from stereomicroscope pho- tograph of the serrated incisors. The outer margin profile of incisors was fitted and expressed by six-order polynomial function. To compare the cutting capacity of bionic and traditional saw blades, the internodes of dry corn stalks were cut perpendicularly. Cutting force-deformation characteristics were obtained by universal testing machine. The results of cutting experiments show that the maximum cutting force of bionic saw blade was 128.26 N, which is 15.87% lower than 152.45 N of traditional saw blade; the average cutting force of bionic saw blade was 51.56 N, which is 28.17% less than 71.78 N of traditional saw blade. Meanwhile, the cutting energy consumption of bionic saw blade was 8.95 J, which is 12.85% less than 10.27 J of traditional saw blade. Overall, the bionic saw blade can lead to noticeable reduction of the cutting force and energy. These results will be helpful for designing cutting elements of corn stalk harvesting, biomass size reduction and other processing machinery.

摘要：Biomimetic blades for soil-rototilling and stubble-breaking were designed learning from the geometrical structure of the tips of toes of mole rat （Scaptochirus moschatus）. The orientation, the number and the central angle of the biomimetic structure were taken as the testing factors. The optimal structure of the biomimetic blade was determined through the tests of soil-rototilling and stubble-breaking operation in an indoor soil bin. The optimal combination of the biomimetic structure pa- rameters is that three arc concave teeth are equally arranged on the front cutting edge with a central angle of 60°. The results of comparative tests between the optimal biomimetic blade and a conventional universal blade show the torque acting on the biomimetic blade is lower during soil-rototilling and stubble-breaking operations. The results of field tests show that the working quality of the biomimetic blades meets the requirements of the national standard of China. Tests of soil-rototilling show that, when the orientation of the biomimetic structure was at low and middle levels, the torque ofbiomimetic blades decreased from 34.17 N·m to 31.03 N·m. The torque also decreased with the increase of the number of biomimetic structure. The average torques were 34.57 N·m, 33.44 N·m and 31.37 N·m, respectively. The maximum different value between two levels of central angle was 0.41 N·m. Tests in field indicate that for soil-rototilling operation, the tillage depth is deeper than 80 mm, the soil-crushing rate （length of soil block less than 40 mm） is over 50 %, and the vegetation coverage rate is over 55 %. For stubble-breaking operation, the stubble-breaking depth is deeper than 70 ram, the stubble-breaking rate （length of stubble less than 40 mm） is over 60%, and the stubble coverage rate is over 80%, which can meet the stubble-breaking requirement of corn.

摘要：The reduction of water resources and soil fertility in Northeast China will have a requirement on higher working efficiency of agricultural soil-engaging *** adhesion and resistance are main problems for soil-engaging tillage ***,the soil-burrowing or soil-digging animals give inspirations to resolve those *** fair,claw,toe,textured surface and scales have functions of anti-adhesion or resistance *** results provide a way to realize the sustainable development of modern agriculture by developing novel biomimetic agricultural machinery systems with independent intellectual property rights to meet conservation tillage requirements in the Northern China *** structures of some soil-burrowing or soil-digging animals,such as beetle,mole cricket,earthworm,mole,vole,pangolin,and snake,as well as their mechanisms of anti-adhesion or reducing resistance were reviewed in this *** applications in Northeast China were also presented in the paper,including moldboard,subsoiler components,furrow opener,roller,and biomimetic rototilling-stubble-breaking *** addition,the existed problems in agricultural engineering and the future development trends were discussed.

摘要：With the growing demand and working complexity of corn precision planter,it becomes more important to monitor the working performance through intelligent systems.A new fault monitoring system for corn precision planters was designed and *** system consisted of the information acquisition module,controller module,alarm module,input module and display module.A capacitive sensor was utilized to monitor the seed flow without changing the track of a precision *** system can monitor the whole sowing process of a seed-metering device in *** sowing status,fault type and fault location can be displayed on liquid crystal display(LCD).Warning light on the LCD reminds the operator of abnormal *** tests and field tests showed that the minimum monitoring accuracies of missing sowing and total sowing number were 92.11%and 94.28%,respectively,and the seed level sensor and the opener sensor worked *** system can accurately prompt the seed-metering mechanism in real-time.

摘要：The blocking between two snapping rollers will seriously constrict the harvesting efficiency for corn harvester.A variable screw pitch rib snapping roller was developed to solve this *** comparative experiment between fixed screw pitch rib snapping rollers and variable screw pitch rib snapping rollers illustrated that variable screw pitch ribs can avoid corn-stalk blocking effectively,and it can improve working efficiency by 56.7%.Conservation tillage with standing corn residue was testified that it had a strong control of soil wind *** order to implement this mode of conservation tillage at a production scale,a cutter was developed in this ***,two experiments were conducted,one was to test the cutting ratio(defined as the totally cut off stalk population divided by total stalk population),and the other one was to test standing-residue *** experiment results showed that the mean cutting ratio increased significantly(p<0.05)along with increasing height of cutter-head above the ground(cutting height);the cutting ratio’s mean value increased significantly(p<0.05)along with the decreasing angle between the cutter-head and the ground(cutting angle).The average standing-residue height increased along with the increase of cutting height from 300 mm to 500 *** average standing-residue height increased significantly(p<0.05)along with the decrease of cutting angle from 15°to 0°.Therefore,the newly designed snapping roller can improve the harvesting efficiency and prolong the working life of the cutting table;and the cutter can promote the popularization of the conservation tillage with standing corn residue in Northeast China.

摘要：针对现有旱田避苗除草装置多依赖于智能导航平台,机械式避苗除草装置无法确定秧苗位置的问题,该文基于除草执行部件间歇式旋转运动的思想,设计了一种针对中耕期玉米田间使用的避苗除草装置,该装置由软轴、行程开关、步进电机、除草梳齿和测控系统等组成。当该装置需要执行避苗除草动作时,除草梳齿会旋转120°以躲避秧苗。在吉林大学的土槽实验室,进行了三因素四水平的正交试验,试验结果显示,在秧苗株距为26 cm,梳齿入土深度为20 mm,前进速度为5 km/h时,该装置的平均伤苗率为5.9%,平均除草率为94.7%,方差分析结果显示,玉米的种植株距对于伤苗率的影响最显著(P0.05)。该装置可以满足玉米田间"避苗除草"作业的要求,研究结果可为农田机械除草的优化和设计提供参考。

摘要：针对秸秆粉碎还田刀片工作过程中存在的刀片易磨损、粉碎效果不理想和稳定性差等问题,通过分析现有刀片的优缺点,设计了一种V-L型秸秆粉碎还田刀片,具有延长刀片的使用寿命、提高秸秆粉碎效果和作业效率等优点。通过分析拖拉机前进速度、刀辊转速以及二者相互作用对秸秆粉碎率的影响,确定了刀片工作参数的最佳组合:拖拉机进速度为1 m/s,刀辊转速为1 400 r/min。通过2因素3水平正交试验,确定了刀片结构参数的最佳组合:刀片前倾角为10°,刃线与地面夹角为14°。对安装V-L型刀片的秸秆粉碎还田机整机作业效果进行了田间试验,结果表明各项指标均达到了国家相关标准的技术要求。该研究可为秸秆粉碎还田刀片设计提供参考。

摘要：为使免耕播种机在秸秆覆盖地作业时自动保证播种深度的一致性和稳定性,设计了一种主动作用式播种深度自动控制系统。采用聚偏二氟乙烯（Polyvinylidence fluoride,PVDF）压电薄膜传感器将免耕播种机限深轮的胎面形变量转换为电压信号,信号处理电路对传感器产生的信号放大滤波,提取信号峰值,系统根据峰值信号实时监测播种单体对地表的压力,控制信号形成电路在压力不足时发出控制信号,控制安装在播种机机架与播种单体四连杆间的空气弹簧产生推力,使播种单体能够产生对地表的压力,从而保证播种深度的一致性。试验结果表明,所设计的主动作用式播种深度自动控制系统能够精确控制开沟深度,仿形性能可靠,作业速度为5～8 km/h时,播深合格率达到90%,作业速度大于8 km/h时,播深合格率明显高于被动作用式播种深度控制装置。

摘要：简述了农业机械触土部件的发展及现状,归纳了可提升触土部件减阻降耗、减粘脱附和耐磨延寿等性能的诸多优化设计方法,明确了土壤性状与触土部件结构或材料之间的互作关系,提出触土部件材料的优化制造工艺,分析了仿生等先进设计方法在触土部件上的应用前景,最后总结了触土部件设计、加工等方法对现代农业机械性能的保障性作用,并对未来触土部件的研究趋势和发展方向进行了展望。

摘要：针对东北地区免耕播种机在玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田作业时,平面爪轮式清秸防堵装置清秸率低、作业性能不稳定,播种机作业质量和工作效率降低等问题,设计一种星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置。通过分析作业时秸秆颗粒在凹面清秸盘上的运动规律,确定了影响清秸率的主要结构参数和各参数的取值范围。结合旋转正交试验设计和EDEM离散元仿真技术确定了星齿凹面清秸盘的最优结构参数组合,通过田间对比试验验证了该装置的作业性能。研究结果表明:影响星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置作业性能的主要结构参数为清秸盘回转半径、圆盘曲面投影长度和曲率半径。当清秸盘回转半径为152. 5 mm、曲率半径为160 mm和圆盘曲面投影长度为50. 9 mm时,该装置作业性能最佳,苗带清秸率和作业阻力分别为92. 2%和142. 6 N。星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置的工作性能优于平面爪轮式防堵装置,作业质量稳定,满足免耕播种作业农艺和技术要求。