摘要：Objective:To conduct a p.0}sp.ctive cohor. study to clar.fy the r.lationship.between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) p.lymor.hisms and the ser.conver.ion of hep.titis B e antigen(HBeAg). Study design:In the p.0}sp.ctive cohor. study,81 HBeAg-p.sitive childr.n with chr.nic hep.titis B vir.s(HBV) infection fr.m 40 unr.lated families wer. r.cr.ited and followed-up.r.gular.y for.a mean p.r.od of 17.70 ±3.23year.. The association between HLA antigen and the age at HBeAg ser.conver.ion was analyzed using Cox r.gr.ssion model with shar.d fr.ilties under.left tr.ncation and r.ght censor.hip. r.sults:HLA-B61 and HLA-DQB1*0503 antigen sp.0}dicted a higher.HBeAg ser.conver.ion r.te (r.lative incidence = 6.17 and 3.22,p.= 0.024 and 0.017,r.sp.ctively).Within-family fr.ilty in our.sibling cohor. study demonstr.ted a negligible or.a low degr.e of within-family cor.elation with sp.ntaneous HBeAg ser.conver.ion in each HLA antigen. Conclusions:HLA class I antigen B61 and class II antigen DQB1*0503 ar. associated with ear.ier.HBeAg ser.conver.ion in Taiwan r.sidents childr.n with chr.nic HBV infection.