摘要：以沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)优良品种“实优1号”为材料,对其叶片进行转录组测序,利用微卫星识别软件(microsatellite identification tool,MISA)和Primer 3(version 2.3.4)对获得的序列进行简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat,SSR)位点挖掘和引物设计,以收集的42份沙棘品种为研究材料,开展聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和毛细管电泳检测,旨在开发一套多态性高、稳定性好和通用性强的表达序列标签微卫星(express sequence tags from simple sequence repeat,EST-SSR)引物,构建沙棘指纹图谱,从而实现沙棘品种的快速准确鉴定,并对沙棘品种间亲缘关系进行分析。“实优1号”转录组测序共获得6196个SSR位点,其中,重复基元类型为182种,SSR基序长度主要分布在10~21 bp区间,占全部SSR的81.58%,主要SSR重复类型为单核苷酸重复(48.72%)、二核苷酸重复(22.68%)和三核苷酸重复(18.85%)。利用筛选出的28对引物在42份沙棘品种中共检测出193个等位基因,等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、多态信息含量(PIC)和Shannon信息指数(I)等遗传多样性参数的均值分别为6.964、3.495、0.617、0.671、0.623和1.384。UPGMA聚类分析表明,42份沙棘品种间的遗传相似性系数为0.601~0.990,当遗传相似性系数为0.694时,供试品种可分为2组;当遗传相似性系数约为0.7402时,供试品种可分为3组。优选6对引物构建指纹图谱,可以实现沙棘品种的快速准确鉴定。该研究可为沙棘的良种鉴定、指纹图谱构建以及遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析等提供分子水平的理论基础和数据支撑。

摘要：巨厚砾岩储层立体井网开发模式下,多井压裂时,先压裂井对后续邻井干扰程度较大,但是目前压裂张开导致的诱导应力分布求解方法不明确,使得裂缝扩展形态模拟准确度降低,影响井组整体压裂方案设计和压后效果。针对这一问题,文中基于线弹性理论,运用位移不连续法建立了三维复杂裂缝张开诱导应力模型,模拟了巨厚砾岩立体井网条件下水力压裂后的应力场分布,并基于实际井组优化了水平井的压裂方式。结果表明:在单条裂缝张开时,相较于初始值,最小水平主应力的最大值增加了3.3 MPa,最大水平主应力的最大值增加了1.4 MPa,水平应力差降低;裂缝张开产生的诱导应力大小与裂缝宽度正相关,诱导应力随着裂缝宽度的增加而增加。实际井组模拟结果表明:层间交替压裂储层改造体积(SRV)为1825×10^(4)m^(3),同层顺序压裂SRV为1360×10^(4)m^(3);层间交替压裂同一位置的后续裂缝在起裂扩展过程中受到的诱导应力叠加影响更大,裂缝复杂度更高,SRV也更大。

摘要：A new severe plastic deformation method for manufacturing tubes made of AZ31 magnesium alloy with a large diameter was developed,which is called the TCESE(tube continuous extrusion−shear−expanding)*** process combines direct extrusion with a two-step shear−expanding *** influences of expanding ratios,extrusion temperatures on the deformation of finite element meshes,strain evolution and flow velocity of tube blanks during the TCESE process were researched based on numerical simulations by using DEFORM-3D *** results show that the maximum expanding ratio is 3.0 in the TCESE *** deformation of finite element meshes of tube blanks is inhomogeneous in the shear−expanding zone,and the equivalent strains increase significantly during the TCESE process of the AZ31 magnesium alloy.A extrusion temperature of 380°C and expanding ratio of 2.0 were selected as the optimized process parameters from the numerical simulation *** average grain size of tubes fabricated by the TCESE process is approximately 10μ*** TCESE process can refine grains of magnesium alloy tubes with the occurrence of dynamic ***(0001)basal texture intensities of the magnesium alloy tube blanks decrease due to continuous plastic deformation during the TCESE *** average hardness of the extruded tubes is approximately HV 75,which is obviously improved.

摘要：为了更方便和深入研究紧凑环注入(CTI)系统产生的等离子体团在等离子体中的演化过程,特设计了一套大尺寸、均匀的六硼化镧等离子体源,用来产生磁化、高密度等离子体。等离子体源的阴极采用钨丝间接加热的方式来达到工作温度,阴极最高可达到1800℃。阳极采用耐高温、透过率50%的钼金属网,与阴极之间轴向间距1m。在阴极和阳极之间施加40~200V偏压,阴极发射的电子与中性气体碰撞、电离进而产生长1m直径100mm的稳态磁化等离子体柱。在台面实验中,测试了源的放电性能和等离子体相关参数。实验结果表明,在阴极发射电流密度为1~2A·cm^(-2)的情况下,测得的氩等离子体电子密度可达到10^(18)m^(-3)量级,电子温度约为8eV。通过增加阴、阳极之间偏压,阴极发射电流密度最高达到8.5A·cm^(-2),等离子体参数与托卡马克边界参数相近。该等离子体源满足设计要求并具备为EAST-CTI系统开展台面实验的能力。

摘要：结合银行网点工程项目改造实例,对网点建筑单元项目围护结构进行节能诊断,并对常规用电设备进行节能设计。通过多种改造设计方案对银行网点改造实现零碳运行进行了技术可行性分析、碳平衡分析和经济效益分析,为银行网点类似建筑单元项目提供了零碳运行改造解决方案,是建筑领域实现双碳目标的重要探索。

摘要：The development of automation,the Internet of Things(IoT),artificial intelligence(AI),big data,and other digi-tal technologies has made it imperative for pharmaceutical companies to undergo digital transformation to improve their research and development capabilities,increase the quality of their products,lower operating costs,and gain a competitive *** of the most crucial steps in the life-cycle riskman-agement chain for drugs is digital quality assurance(DQA).Based on a literature review,questionnaire survey,and expert consensus,a panel of experts was convened in Shanghai to generate a set of conceptual,pharmaceutical manufacturing-specific DQA *** goal of the consensus is to advance common practices that use digital tools to quickly collect,record,evaluate,and review particular forms of data to enhance the automation of quality assurance and make drug quality activities more efficient.

摘要：油田钻修井作业现场指重系统测量经验表明,钻机指重系统往往因死绳固定器安装设计不合理而影响其测量精度,为了提高自举式井架指重系统的测量精度并确保指重表的读数能真实反映钻井钢丝绳死绳端的拉力,文章以某海洋自举式井架为例,通过分析钻井钢丝绳的走向、死绳固定器的安装角度,总结了死绳固定器总成布置的基本原则,并运用C语言程序优化了导向轮的安装角度,合理解决了由于导向轮安装角度不合理而引起死绳拉力损失的问题,从而提高了钻机指重系统的测量精度。

摘要：An efficient and low-cost supported Pt catalyst for hydrogenation of niroarenes was prepared with colloid Pt precursors andα-Fe2O3 as a *** catalyst with Pt content as low as 0.2 wt%exhibits high activities,chemoselectivities and stability in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and a variety of *** conversion of nitrobenzene can reach 3170 molconv h^–1 molPt^–1 under mild conditions(30°C,5 bar),which is much higher than that of commercial Pt/C catalyst and many reported catalysts under similar reaction *** spatial separation of the active sites for H2 dissociation and hydrogenation should be responsible for the high chemoselectivity,which decreases the contact possibility between the reducible groups of nitroarenes and Pt *** unique surface properties ofα-Fe2O3 play an important role in the reaction *** provides active sites for hydrogen spillover and reactant adsorption,and ultimately completes the hydrogenation of the nitro group on the catalyst surface.

摘要：研究不同类型土壤调理剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米田0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm和30~40 cm土层土壤盐分含量、玉米根系形态和籽粒产量的影响,为滨海盐碱地区夏玉米田适宜土壤调理剂的选用提供理论依据。试验于2022—2023年夏玉米季在山东省滨州市滨海盐碱型农田进行。采用完全随机区组设计,以不施土壤调理剂为对照(CK),设置3种不同类型的土壤调理剂,分别为硅钙钾镁型调理剂(T1)、硅钙钾镁沸石型调理剂(T2)和硅钙钾镁聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)型调理剂(T3)。研究不同类型土壤调理剂对0~40 cm土层土壤盐分含量、玉米根系形态、叶面积指数、地上部干物质积累量、氮素积累量及籽粒产量的调控效应。结果表明,与CK相比,玉米拔节期(V6)T1、T3处理20~30 cm土层土壤总盐含量和Na+含量分别降低6.88%和23.00%、28.82%和17.44%,土壤HCO3–含量分别升高10.97%、5.66%;吐丝期(R1)T2处理10~40 cm土层土壤总盐含量、Na+含量分别平均降低9.07%、14.11%,土壤HCO3–含量平均升高21.35%。土壤总盐含量降低有利于根系和地上部生长。与CK相比,吐丝期T1、T2和T3处理0~40 cm土层玉米单株平均根系长度分别提高17.56%、74.83%和33.53%;T2和T3处理单株平均根系表面积分别提高33.35%和27.44%,单株平均根系干重分别提高14.58%和11.93%。与CK相比,T1、T2和T3处理显著提高了玉米的叶面积指数,植株地上部干物质积累量以及氮素积累量,最终提高了夏玉米产量。2022年T1、T2和T3处理籽粒产量分别提高3.81%、8.22%和4.72%;2023年分别提高8.08%、18.88%和15.95%。综合分析可知,本试验条件下硅钙钾镁沸石型调理剂可有效降低玉米吐丝期土壤盐分含量,减轻盐分胁迫,促进玉米根系生长和对氮素的吸收,增加地上部氮素积累量和干物质积累量,显著增加籽粒产量,是滨海盐碱地降低盐碱胁迫促进夏玉米生长的最佳土壤调理剂类型。

摘要：针对耐候钢生产工艺及成分设计特点,通过成本组成分析,对各工序低成本运行进行精准控制。介绍一种低成本生产控制工艺,通过目标成分的精准控制攻关、工艺路线优化调整、辅料料型搭配优化及耐候废钢定向回收利用等措施,通过在某厂120 t炉区生产实践验证,在保证质量稳定可靠的基础上,可有效地降低耐候钢炼钢生产成本。