摘要：Fuel cells have attracted extensive attention due to their high conversion efficiency and environmental ***,their wider application is limited by the poor activity and high cost of platinum(Pt),which is widely used as the cathode catalyst to overcome the slow kinetics associated with oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Pt‐based composites with one‐dimensional(1D)nanoarchitectures demonstrate great advantages towards efficient ORR *** review focuses on the recent advancements in the design and synthesis of 1D Pt‐based ORR *** introducing the fundamental ORR mechanism and the advanced 1D architectures,their synthesis strategies(template‐based and template‐free methods)are ***,their morphology and structure optimization are highlighted,followed by the superstructure assembly using 1D Pt‐based ***,the challenges and perspectives on the synthesis innovation,structure design,physical characterization,and theoretical investigations are proposed for 1D Pt‐based ORR *** anticipate this study will inspire more research endeavors on efficient ORR nanocatalysts in fuel cell application.

摘要：针对蔬菜废弃物压榨液的综合利用,探索混凝沉淀预处理的工艺条件和参数优化。通过比选确定絮凝剂和助凝剂的类型,并以单因素影响试验为基础,利用Box-behnken响应面设计对工艺参数进行优化。结果显示:蔬菜废弃物压榨液混凝沉淀预处理时宜选用聚合氯化铝(PAC)+阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)组合,最优工艺:PAC为1.92 g/L,PAM为24.4 mg/L,pH为5.3,混凝剂对水质悬浮物(SS)和化学需氧量(COD)去除的贡献为51.28%和18.22%,实测值为51.11%和17.84%,回归模型拟合较好。研究表明,混凝沉淀法可有效降低蔬菜废弃物压榨液中SS、COD和总磷(TP),为后续处理奠定基础。