摘要：研究了超出我国设计规范构造尺寸限制的大尺度、非等间距腹板开孔的钢梁性能,进行了2榀针对实际工程的长9 m钢梁的足尺静力试验,将试验数据与一般梁理论、空腹桁架理论、有限元等方法得到的计算数据进行了比较分析.研究表明:这种大开孔钢梁只要设计得当,能够满足承载力和挠度要求;空腹桁架理论适用空腹截面正应力的简化计算;孔口附近的实腹截面应力分布受到开孔的显著影响,对正应力和剪应力分布,有影响的范围为距离孔口边缘分别约0.9倍孔口高度以内和1.0倍梁截面高度以内;在影响范围之内,正应力呈非线性分布,中和轴处的剪应力偏大,与梁理论有关弯曲应力和剪应力公式的计算结果相差较大.

摘要：Soft rock control is a big challenge in underground *** for this problem,a high-strength support technique of confined concrete(CC)arches is proposed and studied in this *** on full-scale mechanical test system of arch,research is made on the failure mechanism and mechanical properties of CC ***,a mechanical calculation model of circular section is established for the arches with arbitrary section and unequal rigidity;a calculation formula is deduced for the internal force of the arch;an analysis is made on the influence of different factors on the internal force of the arch;and a calculation formula is got for the bearing capacity of CC arch through the strength criterion of bearing *** numerical calculation and laboratory experiment,the ultimate bearing capacity and internal force distribution is analyzed for CC *** research results show that:1)CC arch is 2.31 times higher in strength than the U-shaped steel arch and has better stability;2)The key damage position of the arch is the two sides;3)Theoretical analysis,numerical calculation and laboratory experiment have good consistency in the internal force distribution,bearing capacity,and deformation and failure modes of the *** of that verifies the correctness of the theoretical *** on the above results,a field experiment is carried out in Liangjia *** with the U-shaped steel arch support,CC arch support is more effective in surrounding rock deformation *** research results can provide a basis for the design of CC arch support in underground engineering.

摘要：In deep underground mining, the surrounding rocks are very soft with high stress. Their deformation and destruction are serious, and frequent failures occur on the bolt support. The failure mechanism of bolt support is proposed to solve these problems. A calculation theory is established on the bond strength of the interface between the anchoring agent and surrounding rocks. An analysis is made on the influence law of different mechanical parameters of surrounding rocks on the interfacial bond strength. Based on the research, a new high-strength bolt-grouting technology is developed and applied on site. Besides, some helpful engineering suggestions and measures are proposed. The research shows that the serious deformation and failure, and the lower bond strength are the major factors causing frequent failures of bolt support. So, the bolt could not give full play to its supporting potential. It is also shown that as the integrity, strength, interface dilatancy and stress of surrounding rocks are improved, the bond strength will increase. So, the anchoring force on surrounding rocks can be effectively improved by employing an anchoring agent with high sand content, mechanical anchoring means, or grouting reinforcement. The new technology has advantages in a high strength, imposing pre-tightening force, and giving full play to the bolt supporting potential. Hence, it can improve the control effect on surrounding rocks. All these could be helpful references for the design of bolt support in deep underground mines.

摘要：Non-pillar mining technology with automatically formed roadway is a new mining method without coal pillar reservation and roadway *** stability control of automatically formed roadway is the key to the successful application of the new *** order to realize the stability control of the roadway surrounding rock,the mechanical model of the roof and rib support structure is established,and the influence mechanism of the automatically formed roadway parameters on the compound force is *** this basis,the roof and rib support structure technology of confined lightweight concrete is proposed,and its mechanical tests under different eccentricity are carried *** results show that the bearing capacity of confined lightweight concrete specimens is basically the same as that of ordinary confined concrete *** bearing capacity of confined lightweight concrete specimens under different eccentricities is 1.95 times higher than those of U-shaped steel *** comparing the test results with the theoretical calculated results of the confined concrete,the calculation method of the bearing capacity for the confined lightweight concrete structure is *** design method of confined lightweight concrete support structure is established,and is successfully applied in the extra-large mine,Ningtiaota Coal Mine,China.

摘要：随着我国地下工程的迅速发展,建设规模不断扩大,工程建设过程中面临大量高应力、极软岩、强采动和断层破碎带等复杂条件,导致围岩变形严重、控制困难,联合支护是复杂条件围岩有效控制的必然选择。工程实践表明,拱架作为联合支护的最后一道防线,其承载能力不足导致冒顶、塌方等事故频发。约束混凝土支护具有承载能力高、塑性韧性好、经济性能优等特点,近年来在矿山工程与隧道工程等领域得到了广泛应用。众多学者在室内试验、理论研究、设计方法、现场施工等方面进行了系统研究。在室内试验方面,进行了约束混凝土基本构件与拱架的力学性能试验研究,为约束混凝土拱架承载力计算理论与设计方法提供了依据。在理论研究方面,建立了拱架内力计算模型,形成了约束混凝土支护强度计算理论。在设计方法方面,进行了约束混凝土拱架整体选型设计、核心混凝土设计、灌注口与排气口设计、节点设计以及拱架间距与纵向连接设计研究。在现场施工方面,形成了矿山巷道复合施工与交通隧道机械施工两大类工法,研发了成套关键技术与装备。对上述研究内容进行了总结,同时对下一步约束混凝土体系设计、施工与验收规范制定以及在交通、水利、市政等不同工程领域的推广应用方面进行了展望。

摘要：岩体力学参数与结构特征是地下工程稳定性分析的基础,围岩参数的实时获取对支护设计至关重要。地下工程建设常面临高应力、极软岩等复杂地质条件,导致围岩松散破碎,锚注支护是破碎围岩控制的有效方法,注浆前后破碎围岩体的力学性能是锚注参数设计的基本依据。数字钻探测试技术为实现围岩参数实时获取与锚注效果定量评价提供了新的手段。在前期岩体力学随钻理论研究、多功能真三轴岩体钻探测试系统(室内TRD系统)自主研制与大量室内试验的基础上,研发了本安型地下工程围岩数字钻探测试系统(现场SDT系统),基于该系统开展了完整岩石层、破碎岩体层和注浆岩体层等不同组合条件下分层岩体的数字钻探试验,结果显示:(1)现场SDT系统控制和监测性能良好,与室内TRD系统匹配程度高;(2)随钻参数在岩层界面处响应明显,基于现场SDT系统测试的岩体等效单轴抗压强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角与室内岩石力学测试结果的平均差值率均小于15%;(3)基于现场SDT系统测试的注浆后破碎岩层等效单轴抗压强度为注浆前的3.5倍。现场SDT系统可有效实现岩层界面准确识别、岩体等效力学参数实时测试和破碎岩体注浆效果定量评价。

摘要：闻一多是现代一位出色的装帧家,装帧作品虽然不多,但精品不少,尤以封面设计作品较为突出。闻一多的书籍封面设计,在视觉要素运用上,文字新颖多变,图形表现兼容并蓄,色彩运用简洁鲜明,为我国现代书籍装帧艺术的发展做出了贡献。

摘要：为实现水平剪切声表面波压力传感器低损耗设计,系统研究了均匀叉指换能器(IDT)和单相单向换能器(SPUDT)器件的声波能量损耗性能。在确定最优反射系数的SPUDT结构的基础上,建立3D周期性有限元仿真模型,计算器件表面振动位移和双向输出电压瞬态响应。通过对电压信号进行傅里叶变换获得器件模型的插入损耗,并制备两种不同换能器的声学传感器,测试其频率特性和灵敏度。与均匀IDT相比,基于SPUDT器件插入损耗的仿真和实验结果分别降低了5.2 dB和5.6 dB,SPUDT器件灵敏度约为均匀IDT器件的两倍。结果表明,SPUDT能有效降低SH-SAW压力传感器声波能量的单向损耗,提高检测灵敏度,且构建的3D周期性有限元仿真模型有助于声学传感器的声波损耗分析,实现高精度和小型化的声学测量系统。

摘要：为解决约束混凝土现场应用过程中套管节点设计保守、施工困难等难题,采用室内试验与数值试验相结合的方式,综合考虑不同套管节点构造参数及不同偏心率加载,分析套管节点试件压弯组合力学性能及破坏形态,开展套管节点参数影响规律研究。结果表明:1)节点试件压弯组合作用下呈现典型两阶段工作模式及变形破坏模式;2)节点与拱架接触部位发生明显的应力集中现象,试件呈折线形破坏;3)荷载-位移曲线表现为典型的弹性、弹塑性和塑性3阶段特性,轴压承载力与无套管试件相比降低19.4%左右;4)得到了不同套管节点参数的M-N曲线,提出了节点经济性指标β1,β2,量化了套管节点强度与经济成本之间的关系,提出了工程设计建议,为相关工程设计应用提供借鉴。

摘要：声表面波(SAW)微力传感器易于集成和小型化,无源无线的工作方式,具有极大的应用潜力。将其应用于物体间微间隙压力检测有望实现高灵敏、低功耗的监测水平。针对复杂环境中存在的测量灵敏度问题,设计了一种具有折线形状的叉指换能器(IDT)的SAW微力传感器。采用有限元分析方法(FEM)对其进行了仿真分析和结构参数设计。理论分析与实验表明,设计的传感器质量灵敏度可达284.16 kg/m^(2),高于直线形IDT的SAW传感器185.97 kg/m^(2),验证了此结构能够有效提高器件的质量灵敏度,及在微间隙环境下压力监测的可行性。