摘要：地下渗灌是一种地下微灌方法,通过埋设于地下的渗灌管将灌溉水引至地面下一定深度的土壤中,再利用土壤毛细管作用实现对作物根区直接供水,该灌水方法与“地下滴灌”的灌水过程实质相同。地下渗灌可有效改善土壤环境质量,利于作物生长,是一项发展前景广阔的高效节水灌溉技术,开展地下渗灌的研究对于推动高效节水农业发展具有重要意义。从地下渗灌条件下土壤水分运移规律、灌水技术参数、灌溉制度、渗灌管堵塞的影响及调控等方面,对相关研究进展和存在问题进行综述,提出了今后的研究方向,供节水灌溉研究领域的学者参考。综述认为,与地下渗灌技术的生产实践相比,对其机理方面的研究相对滞后,限制了该技术的深入推广应用,主要表现在:地下渗灌条件下土壤水分运移规律尚不够清晰;堵塞问题依然是目前阻碍地下渗灌技术应用与发展的限制性因素;地下渗灌配水系统优化设计问题尚需进一步研究。建议今后开展各种不同渗灌条件下的水分入渗数值模拟分析;选取合适的处理水平,研究渗灌灌水效果的主要影响因素,寻求最优灌水技术参数组合;针对地下渗灌条件下作物灌溉制度开展研究,形成一套合理完善的灌溉制度与试验方法;对于渗灌管出流规律、堵塞机理以及进入地下渗灌系统时灌溉水源水质关键参数的有效调控阈值等进行深入研究。

摘要：文章针对机器人制造单元集成式工艺规划与调度(RMC-IPPS)问题,并考虑其加工次序柔性、加工柔性及工序柔性,提出了一种多层级线性编码的方法,该方法能有效地将RMC-IPPS问题的解用简单的数据结构表示,并实现对问题的整体求解。同时,针对毛坯件/半成品在单元中的转运问题,设计了一种基于贪婪思想的机器人调度策略,该策略每一步都选择当前的最优状态,使生产周期尽量不因搬运工序的存在而产生过多延滞。最后,设计出一种基于外部档案库的NSGA-Ⅱ算法(M-NSGA-Ⅱ),该算法通过外部档案库对非劣解进行二次搜索,以避免种群多样性趋于单一,并通过基准实例与实际生产应用算例对所提方法进行验证,并将改进后的算法与其它算法进行对比。结果表明,相较标准NSGA-Ⅱ算法,M-NSGA-Ⅱ算法的覆盖率为100%;相较文献中的算法,M-NSGA-Ⅱ算法具有更高的覆盖率。

摘要：为了解种植密度和施氮水平对爱沃燕麦产量、品质和经济效益的影响,试验采用完全随机区组设计,设3个种植密度150、180、210 kg/hm^(2)(分别记作D1、D2和D3),4个施氮量0、80、110、145 kg/hm^(2)(分别记作N0、N1、N2和N3)。结果显示,同一施氮量下,爱沃燕麦的茎粗、株高、叶片数、叶宽、粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量随种植密度的增加而降低,不同种植密度间干草产量差异不显著(P>0.05)。同一种植密度下,施氮有利于提高爱沃燕麦的干草产量、粗蛋白含量和经济收益。在3个种植密度和4个施氮量的双因素试验中,D1N2的干草产量、粗蛋白含量及净收入最高。研究表明,贵州地区爱沃燕麦的最佳种植方式为种植密度150 kg/hm^(2)、施氮量110 kg/hm^(2)。

摘要：为了探索河北省优质专用面条小麦的适宜氮肥用量。在3年定位试验的基础上,于2019—2021年采用施氮量×品种二因子裂区设计方法,施氮量为主区(氮用量分别为0、60、120、180、240和300 kg/hm^(2)),品种为副区(冀麦738和济麦22),研究了施氮量对小麦面粉品质、淀粉糊化特性以及面条性状等指标的影响。结果表明,氮肥可显著提高小麦产量、面粉及面条品质。面条总评分与面粉的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀指数、吸水率、稳定时间、拉伸面积、延展度均呈显著或极显著正相关,施氮量达180 kg/hm^(2)以上时,面粉大多品质指标得到改善,面团弹性较好。面条总评分与面粉糊化特性指标均呈正相关,但相关性均未达显著水平,低谷黏度、最终黏度和回升值冀麦738为施氮量120 kg/hm^(2)左右表现较优,而济麦22对氮肥不敏感,同样峰值黏度和糊化温度对氮肥也不敏感。面条总评分与面条质构指标最大拉力、拉伸面积和拉伸距离均呈显著或极显著正相关,与生熟面片的亮度L*值和黄度b*值相关性不显著,冀麦738施氮量大多在180~240 kg/hm^(2)之间、济麦22在180 kg/hm^(2)条件下面条质构指标及亮度较佳。面条总评分与面团的最大拉伸阻力呈负相关,因此中筋小麦品种济麦22更适宜做面条,而中强筋品种冀麦738面粉品质较高,但筋力过大,造成面条感官变差,评分降低。综合考虑小麦产量、面团品质、淀粉糊化特性、面条性状等指标,优质面条小麦较适宜的施氮量为180 kg/hm^(2)左右,此研究结果为河北省优质小麦高产提质提供支撑。

摘要：阐述了EDA技术的基本特征和作用,详细介绍了EDA技术在实现数字系统——并列乘法器中的应用。采用层次化设计,使用Altera公司的MAX+PLUSⅡ10.0的开发软件。整个系统被划分为4个子模块,使用VHDL语言或图形描述,经编译、优化、仿真,成功地完成了并列乘法器的功能模拟,并下载现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)FLEX10K逻辑器件,从而实现了整个设计。通过这一实例可以看出,EDA技术在现代数字系统设计中的作用,它替代了传统的逻辑功能固定的集成块加连线的设计方法,已经成为电子系统设计的新潮流。

摘要：Glass-forming ability is a long-standing concern in the field of metallic glasses(MGs),which greatly limits their maximum casting size and extensive *** this work,we report an ultrasonic-assisted rapid cold welding of bulk MGs without using any *** with various compositions are welded together under a 20,000-Hz highfrequency ultrasonic vibration without losing their amorphous *** ultrasonic technology offers the advantages of rapid bonding(<1 s)at low temperature(near room temperature)and low stress(<1 MPa).According to the phenomenon observed in the experiment,the activated fresh atoms diffuse through the broken channel port under continuous rupture of the oxide layer,and the ultrasonic vibration accelerates the atomic-diffusion ***,stable bonding of the MG interface is *** universal ultrasonic-assisted welding process can realize the composition design of dissimilar MGs as well as tuning of new materials with new performance.

摘要：针对类美国末段高空域防御(Terminal High Altitude Area Defense,THAAD)系统的红外导引头外形,开展了气动光学效应计算分析,并将其用于飞行器设计。利用国家数值风洞工程高速流场计算软件NNW-HyFLOW,考虑热化学非平衡效应和材料传热耦合效应,对导引头典型状态的流场进行了模拟,获得了流场的密度、温度、压力等参数和窗口的温度场参数。基于流场参数,利用HyFLOW气动光学传输效应计算功能,开展了红外光学传输成像计算;利用HyFLOW气动光学辐射效应计算模块,开展了流场和光学窗口的热辐射计算。计算结果表明,类THAAD导引头在30 km以上飞行时,流场和光学窗口基本不会影响目标信号的光学传输成像,但流场和窗口的热辐射效应会对导引头识别目标造成影响。不过随着飞行高度的升高,这种影响会减小。

摘要：The disguised covert detection method that imitates whale calls has received great attention in recent years because it can solve the traditional problem of the trade-off between long-range detection and covert ***,under strong reverberation conditions,traditional echo signal processing methods based on matched filtering will be greatly *** on this,a disguised sonar signal waveform design is proposed based on imitating whale calls and computationally efficient anti-reverberation echo signal processing ***,this article proposed a disguised sonar signal waveform design method based on imitating whale *** method uses linear frequency modulation(LFM)signals to replace LFM-like segments in real whale calls,and extracts the envelope of the real whale call’s LFM-like segment to modify the LFM ***,this article proposed an echo signal processing method of fractional Fourier transform(FrFT)based on target echo locating of synchronization *** method uses the synchronization signal to locate the target echo,and determines the step-size interval of the FrFT based on the information carried by the synchronization *** with the traditional FrFT,this method effectively reduces the amount of calculation and also improves the anti-reverberation ***,the excellent performance of the proposed method is verified by simulation results.

摘要：对于电网企业来说,其早期建立的电话交换网采用的是电路交换技术体制,但随着技术的发展,电路交换设备已经停产,网络后期扩容和维护愈发困难,同时伴随着电网信息化程度的不断提升,现有交换网已无法满足要求,迫切需要向下一代交换网络演进。本文结合电网企业交换网现状,分析了向下一代交换网迁移演进过程中的关键技术及策略,涉及下一代交换网技术体制的选择、用户接入技术、业务承接策略、用户号码迁移以及网络互通策略等方面。

摘要：Multi-interface engineering is deemed as an effective strategy to boost catalytic activity via electronic structure modulation. However, it is still a big challenge due to the phase-separation tendency. Herein, we designed CoP-WP heterojunctions with multi-touch interfaces using Co_(8)W_(18), a definite structure polyoxometalate-based polynuclear cobalt molecular cluster, as a precursor. The Co P-WP heterojunctions anchored on reduced graphene oxide(Co P-WP/r GO)were obtained by growing Co_(8)W_(18)on GO followed by phosphorization. The intrinsic {Co-O-W} coordination modes in Co_(8)W_(18)are conducive to the formation of the multiple interfaces between CoP and WP. The abundant intimate interfaces in Co P-WP heterojunctions promote the electron transfer from WP to Co P, thus regulating the interfacial electronic structure and optimizing the hydrogen adsorption free energy(ΔGH*), as verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and theoretical calculations. furthermore, the integration of r GO provides Co P-WP/r GO with a large surface area and high conductivity, aiding mass transport and charge transfer. Co P-WP/r GO exhibits remarkable hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) activity with low overpotentials of 96, 130,and 138 m V at 10 m A cm^(-2)in alkaline, acidic and neutral media, respectively, and has long-term durability. Our discovery provides an opportunity to design heterojunction materials with multi-coupled interfaces at low-cost and efficient HER catalysts.