摘要：稀磁半导体具有能同时调控电荷与自旋的特性,是破解摩尔定律难题的候选材料之一.我们团队率先提出了稀磁半导体中自旋和电荷掺杂分离的机制,探索并研制了新一代稀磁半导体材料,为突破经典稀磁半导体材料的制备瓶颈提供了有效解决方案.以(Ba,K)(Zn,Mn)_(2)As_(2)等为代表的新一代稀磁半导体,通过等价态的Mn掺杂引入自旋、异价态的非磁性离子掺杂引入电荷,成功实现了230 K的居里温度,刷新了可控型稀磁半导体的居里温度记录.本文将重点介绍几种代表性的新一代稀磁半导体的设计与研制、新一代稀磁半导体的综合物性表征、大尺寸单晶生长以及基于单晶的安德烈夫异质结研制.我们团队通过新一代稀磁半导体的新材料设计研制、综合物性研究、简单原型器件构建的“全链条”模式研究,开拓了自旋电荷分别掺杂的稀磁半导体材料研究领域,充分展现了自旋和电荷掺杂分离的新一代稀磁半导体材料潜在应用前景.

摘要：热炎宁合剂是“秦药”优势中成药品种之一,该研究基于质量源于设计(quality by design, QbD)理念,对热炎宁合剂的提取工艺进行优化研究,以咖啡酸、虎杖苷、大黄素和白藜芦醇为关键质量属性(critical quality attributes, CQAs),采用Plackett-Burman试验确定料液比、提取温度和提取时间为关键工艺参数(critical process parameters, CPPs),通过星点设计-效应面法试验设计建立数学模型,构建设计空间并验证,获取热炎宁合剂最优的提取工艺为料液比11.84 g·mL^(-1)、提取温度81℃、提取2次。在最佳提取工艺下采用近红外光谱法(near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS)结合高效液相色谱法(HPLC)建立提取过程中CQAs的偏最小二乘法(partial least-square, PLS)定量模型,结果显示,4个CQAs定量模型的校正集相关系数(R_c)和验证集相关系数(R_p)均超过0.9,校正集均方根误差(RMSEC)分别为0.744、6.71、3.95、1.53μg·mL^(-1),验证集均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.709、5.88、2.92、1.59μg·mL^(-1)。表明该研究优化得到的热炎宁合剂提取工艺合理、可行且稳定可靠,所建立的NIRS定量模型具有良好的预测性,可用于提取过程中CQAs含量的快速测定,可为热炎宁合剂的工艺研究及质量控制提供实验基础。

摘要：在加筋土工程中,采用异型格栅和设置粗粒土夹层可以有效增强筋土相互作用。然而粗粒土夹层厚度的确定方法仍有待进一步研究。基于一种带有凸起节点结构的高摩阻超静定土工格栅(high resistance hyperstatic geogrids,简称HRHG)与砾石的直剪试验结果,建立了剪切硬化筋土界面的剪胀本构模型,并进一步研究了筋土剪胀应力在土体内引起附加应力的分布规律。通过开展不同法向压力(30、50、80 kPa)下的直剪试验,研究了不同粗粒土夹层厚度(60、100、140、180 mm)对筋土相互作用的影响,并与筋土界面剪胀应力的分布规律进行了对比分析。结果表明,筋土界面剪胀本构模型可以有效计算剪缩位移和剪胀位移,且最终剪胀位移随法向压力增加而减小。由界面剪胀应力引起的粗粒土中附加应力随着与筋土界面距离的增加而降低,但是剪胀范围逐步增大。粗粒土夹层厚度的增加可以有效提高界面剪切强度,但存在最优夹层厚度使界面剪切强度的增幅迅速降低。最优夹层厚度随着法向压力的增加而减小。通过对比分析最优夹层厚度与剪胀应力比之间的关系,提出了基于筋土界面剪胀本构模型的确定最优夹层厚度的半经验公式,可为HRHG在工程中的设计或应用提供参考。

摘要：时刻存在的海洋波浪侵扰严重影响海洋工程装备的安全运行和服役性能,而海洋波浪能又是具有诸多优点的绿色可再生能源。如何通过混合消波-俘能结构减小波浪载荷的同时利用海洋能源是海洋工程领域的基础科学问题。传统消波-俘能结构尤其是深远海浮式结构存在低频消波俘能难的技术瓶颈。基于减小系统等效动刚度思想,提出非线性混合消波-俘能结构,并开展消波俘能特性研究。设计了一种连杆拉簧负刚度机构并应用于混合消波-俘能结构。为了求解非线性混合消波-俘能结构的波浪-结构物流固耦合问题,提出了混合特征值匹配法和谐波平衡法的半解析非线性频域求解方法。研究了机构关键参数对消波俘能性能的影响,揭示了负刚度机构提高低频消波俘能性能的“相位控制”机理。

摘要：Frothing is a main disease of highways in Yellow River Flood Field, due to the loss of dynamic strength of roadbed soils under the couple effects of temperature, salt, and vehicle traffic load. This is strongly linked to the dynamic characteristics of silt in this region. To analyze these couple effects on the dynamic characteristics of silt, a series of tests(i.e., freeze-thaw cycling tests, vibration triaxial tests and ultrasonic wave velocity tests) were conducted and two kinds of silt(i.e., salt-free and 3%-salt silt) were designed. The results indicate that the dynamic shear strength and dynamic modulus decrease with increasing freeze-thaw cycles, while the damping ratio simultaneously increases. Furthermore, compared to salt-free silt, the decrement of dynamic shear strength and dynamic modulus of silt with 3% salt is more significant, but the damping ratio of 3%-salt silt is larger. In ultrasonic wave velocity tests, ultrasonic wave velocity of frozen soil specimens decreases as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases. Based on the results of ultrasonic wave velocity tests, a preliminary model is proposed to evaluate damage of silt through field measurement ultrasonic data. The study could provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of silty soil highway.

摘要：3D打印技术作为增材制造的一种方式正在快速改变人们的生产生活,并在工业、生物医学、文化创意、建筑等领域发挥着重要的引领作用。钛及钛合金材料的骨科植入物与人体有着良好的相容性,在骨科植入物领域应用广泛。为了满足患者个性化的需求,3D打印技术成为目前各国科学领域及骨科医疗器械领域的研发热点。文章简要介绍3D打印工艺、钛金属粉末的制粉方法及对3D打印的影响,着重分析3D打印钛金属粉末反复回收后钛金属粉末化学元素含量的变化,为3D打印过程控制及保证终产品质量提供技术支持。

摘要：Non-ionic deep eutectic solvents(DESs)are non-ionic designer solvents with various applications in catalysis,extraction,carbon capture,and ***,discovering new DES candidates is challenging due to a lack of efficient tools that accurately predict DES *** search for DES relies heavily on intuition or trial-and-error processes,leading to low success rates or missed *** that hydrogen bonds(HBs)play a central role in DES formation,we aim to identify HB features that distinguish DES from non-DES systems and use them to develop machine learning(ML)models to discover new DES *** first analyze the HB properties of 38 known DES and 111 known non-DES systems using their molecular dynamics(MD)simulation *** analysis reveals that DES systems have two unique features compared to non-DES systems:The DESs have①more imbalance between the numbers of the two intra-component HBs and②more and stronger inter-component *** on these results,we develop 30 ML models using ten algorithms and three types of HB-based *** model performance is first benchmarked using the average and minimal receiver operating characteristic(ROC)-area under the curve(AUC)*** also analyze the importance of individual features in the models,and the results are consistent with the simulation-based statistical ***,we validate the models using the experimental data of 34 *** extra trees forest model outperforms the other models in the validation,with an ROC-AUC of *** work illustrates the importance of HBs in DES formation and shows the potential of ML in discovering new DESs.

摘要：我国动漫影视在世界动漫影视产业中起步比较早,在20世纪中期一度领先。但从20世纪80年代开始滑坡,落后于先进国家。其主要原因在于观念到实践尚未转型,人才缺少凝聚与提高,以及缺少市场化竞争与引导。走出困境的对策在于:科学规划,有力扶持;培育本土原创人才,突出创意设计;注重市场化运作,拓展衍生产品开发。

摘要：剪纸是一门吉祥的艺术,剪纸元素在包装中应用较多,不仅能够在商品中寄托美好祝愿,也让商品包装有了浓厚的民族气息。剪纸艺术元素与包装相结合,赋予了包装更加丰富的文化内涵,让包装成为一种美好愿望的表达,且具有较强的人情味、自然味与乡土味,有效满足了消费者情感需求。因此,包装设计中要合理融入剪纸艺术元素,满足时代发展潮流,同时提高民族商品的品牌竞争力。本文首先对剪纸艺术进行概述,然后分析了剪纸艺术元素在包装中应用的意义,最后从剪纸的造型、色彩和构图等方面出发,提出了剪纸艺术元素在包装中的具体应用。

摘要：To accelerate the development and design of magnesium(Mg)alloys,the structural and mechanical properties of important precipitates in Mg−Zn alloys were studied by experiments and density functional *** nano-indentation tests revealed that the hardness of the precipitates initially increased and then decreased with increasing Zn content,and was significantly higher than that of pure Mg and *** calculation results revealed that the precipitates stability initially increased and then decreased with increasing Zn *** bulk moduli of the precipitates increased,whereas their shear and Young’s moduli initially increased and then decreased with increasing Zn *** decreasing order of ductility for these compounds is MgZn_(2)>Mg21Zn_(2)5>Mg2Zn11>*** surface profiles of the compounds revealed that they are obvious *** the degree of covalency and bond length of covalent bonds initially increased and then decreased with increasing Zn content.