摘要：It is crucial to maintaining the viability of biofabricated human-sized tissues to ensure their successful survival and function after *** is a purine nucleoside that has the function to suppress cellular metabolism and has been previously proposed as a method to prolong cell viability under *** this study,we optimized the dose concentration of adenosine for incorporation into bioprinted constructs to preserve long-term cell viability in *** results showed that muscle cells(C2C12)containing 6,7,or 8 mM adenosine maintained high cell viability for 20 days under hypoxic conditions(0.1%O2),whereas cells without adenosine treatment showed 100%cell death after 11 *** 20 days under hypoxic conditions,muscle cells treated with adenosine proliferated and differentiated when transferred to normoxic *** these adenosine concentrations,6 mM was picked as the optimized adenosine concentration for further investigations due to its most effective results on improving cell *** bioprinted muscle constructs containing adenosine(6 mM)maintained high cell viability for 11 days under hypoxic conditions,while the control constructs without adenosine had no live *** in vivo validation,the bioprinted constructs with adenosine implanted under the dorsal subcutaneous space in mice,showed the enhanced formation of muscle tissue with minimal central necrosis and apoptosis,when compared to the constructs without *** positive in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the use of adenosine is an effective approach to preventing the challenge of hypoxia-induced necrosis in bioprinted tissues for clinical translation.

摘要：The fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering offer new therapeutic options to restore,maintain or improve tissue function following disease or *** maximize the biological function of a tissue-engineered clinical product,specific conditions must be maintained within a bioreactor to allow the maturation of the product in preparation for ***,the bioreactor should be designed to mimic the mechanical,electrochemical and biochemical environment that the product will be exposed to in ***-time monitoring of the functional capacity of tissue-engineered products during manufacturing is a critical component of the quality management *** present review provides a brief overview of bioreactor engineering *** addition,strategies for bioreactor automation,in-line product monitoring and quality assurance are discussed.