摘要：High-precision bioengineering and synthetic biology require fine-tuning gene expression at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional *** transcription is tightly regulated by promoters and *** determine the timing,tissues and cells,and levels of the expression of *** mediate transcription termination of genes and affect mrNA levels posttranscriptionally,e.g.,the 3′-end processing,stability,translation efficiency,and nuclear to cytoplasmic export of *** promoter and terminator combination affects gene *** the present article,we review the function and features of plant core promoters,proximal and distal promoters,and terminators,and their effects on and benchmarking strategies for regulating gene expression.