摘要：The reduction of water resources and soil fertility in Northeast China will have a requirement on higher working efficiency of agricultural soil-engaging *** adhesion and resistance are main problems for soil-engaging tillage ***,the soil-burrowing or soil-digging animals give inspirations to resolve those *** fair,claw,toe,textured surface and scales have functions of anti-adhesion or resistance *** results provide a way to realize the sustainable development of modern agriculture by developing novel biomimetic agricultural machinery systems with independent intellectual property rights to meet conservation tillage requirements in the Northern China *** structures of some soil-burrowing or soil-digging animals,such as beetle,mole cricket,earthworm,mole,vole,pangolin,and snake,as well as their mechanisms of anti-adhesion or reducing resistance were reviewed in this *** applications in Northeast China were also presented in the paper,including moldboard,subsoiler components,furrow opener,roller,and biomimetic rototilling-stubble-breaking *** addition,the existed problems in agricultural engineering and the future development trends were discussed.

摘要：With the growing demand and working complexity of corn precision planter,it becomes more important to monitor the working performance through intelligent systems.A new fault monitoring system for corn precision planters was designed and *** system consisted of the information acquisition module,controller module,alarm module,input module and display module.A capacitive sensor was utilized to monitor the seed flow without changing the track of a precision *** system can monitor the whole sowing process of a seed-metering device in *** sowing status,fault type and fault location can be displayed on liquid crystal display(LCD).Warning light on the LCD reminds the operator of abnormal *** tests and field tests showed that the minimum monitoring accuracies of missing sowing and total sowing number were 92.11%and 94.28%,respectively,and the seed level sensor and the opener sensor worked *** system can accurately prompt the seed-metering mechanism in real-time.

摘要：The blocking between two snapping rollers will seriously constrict the harvesting efficiency for corn harvester.A variable screw pitch rib snapping roller was developed to solve this *** comparative experiment between fixed screw pitch rib snapping rollers and variable screw pitch rib snapping rollers illustrated that variable screw pitch ribs can avoid corn-stalk blocking effectively,and it can improve working efficiency by 56.7%.Conservation tillage with standing corn residue was testified that it had a strong control of soil wind *** order to implement this mode of conservation tillage at a production scale,a cutter was developed in this ***,two experiments were conducted,one was to test the cutting ratio(defined as the totally cut off stalk population divided by total stalk population),and the other one was to test standing-residue *** experiment results showed that the mean cutting ratio increased significantly(p<0.05)along with increasing height of cutter-head above the ground(cutting height);the cutting ratio’s mean value increased significantly(p<0.05)along with the decreasing angle between the cutter-head and the ground(cutting angle).The average standing-residue height increased along with the increase of cutting height from 300 mm to 500 *** average standing-residue height increased significantly(p<0.05)along with the decrease of cutting angle from 15°to 0°.Therefore,the newly designed snapping roller can improve the harvesting efficiency and prolong the working life of the cutting table;and the cutter can promote the popularization of the conservation tillage with standing corn residue in Northeast China.

摘要：轧制退火酸洗机组是不锈钢冷轧领域技术最为复杂的生产线,已成为不锈钢冷轧领域装备技术发展趋势。本文介绍了不锈钢轧制退火酸洗机组工艺流程、主要工艺参数和计算,以及活套套量、辊身长度等主要参数的选择和计算,介绍了全线纠偏数量、布置以及纠偏计算。利用生产现场测试验结果来证明八字辊纠偏与双辊纠偏的组合纠偏理论方向正确,为轧制退火酸洗机组稳定通板设计提供参考依据。

摘要：针对玉米收获机秸秆还田装置秸秆粉碎合格率低以及春季免耕播种时垄台秸秆壅堵等问题,该研究设计了一种能够使切断的秸秆顺利导入垄沟的断秸导流装置。作业时定刀与高速旋转的动刀对玉米秸秆进行横-纵向滑切,玉米断秸沿导流板导流至垄沟,提高秸秆粉碎合格率的同时减少垄台秸秆壅堵。建立玉米秸秆切割力学模型以及玉米断秸导流运动学模型,结合运动学及动力学分析,明确了影响断秸导流装置的主要因素为动-定刀间距、导流板偏角及导流板倾角。以秸秆粉碎合格率和秸秆导流率为试验指标进行装置结构参数优化试验,试验结果显示,断秸导流装置各参数最优组合为动-定刀间距48mm、导流板偏角52°、导流板倾角45°。将最优参数组合下的断秸导流装置与甩刀式及锤爪式还田装置,在不同工况下进行对比试验,试验表明:断秸导流装置的平均秸秆粉碎合格率为94.40%,比甩刀式和锤爪式平均秸秆粉碎合格率提高3.53%、2.15%,秸秆粉碎性能优于其他还田装置;最优参数组合下的断秸导流装置平均秸秆导流率为93.8%,导流效果明显。该装置可以有效提高秸秆粉碎合格率,减少免耕播种时秸秆壅堵,研究结果为玉米收获机新型秸秆还田装置的设计提供参考。

摘要：为更好地发挥课程思政在立德树人中的重要作用,浙江大学口腔组织病理学课程组系统研究了思政教育融入口腔组织病理学专业课程的教学模式,并构建了一种课程质量评价的指标体系。本文重点介绍了口腔组织病理学课程体系的总体框架以及浙江大学在课程思政的资源挖掘、教学设计、课程评价等方面的经验和做法,并对该课程体系进行质量评价,结果显示口腔组织病理学课程评价等级为AAA(优秀),95.5%(275/288)的学生对在课程中融入思政内容表示认同。课程组认为在口腔组织病理教学中融入思政内容体现了“教书”和“育人”相辅相成,专业教师的思想政治素养和专业水准是决定课程思政效果的首要因素。本文旨在为口腔医学专业教育领域课程思政建设提供参考。

摘要：针对油莎豆收获机清选环节草、豆、土分离不彻底、损失率高、含杂严重等难题,设计了一种风筛选式清选机构。运用动态静力学的方法研究了筛面物料的相对运动,分析了物料相对于筛面上滑、下滑和从筛面抛起的极限条件,确定了振动筛主要运动参数(其中包括振动筛振幅和振动频率)的理论域值,并通过理论计算确定了吸杂风机的转速范围;然后,以振动筛振幅、振动频率、风机转速作为试验因素,以上述得到的范围确定试验因素的水平值,设计了3因素3水平Box-Behnken试验,分析各因素对清选损失率、荚果含杂率的影响,并进行参数优化,寻求最优参数组合。试验结果表明:最优参数组合为振动筛振幅11mm、振动频率9Hz、风机转速1442r/min,此时清选损失率为4.35%、荚果含杂率为5.49%。研究可以为油莎豆收获机清选机构的设计提供理论参考。

摘要：针对现有旱田避苗除草装置多依赖于智能导航平台,机械式避苗除草装置无法确定秧苗位置的问题,该文基于除草执行部件间歇式旋转运动的思想,设计了一种针对中耕期玉米田间使用的避苗除草装置,该装置由软轴、行程开关、步进电机、除草梳齿和测控系统等组成。当该装置需要执行避苗除草动作时,除草梳齿会旋转120°以躲避秧苗。在吉林大学的土槽实验室,进行了三因素四水平的正交试验,试验结果显示,在秧苗株距为26 cm,梳齿入土深度为20 mm,前进速度为5 km/h时,该装置的平均伤苗率为5.9%,平均除草率为94.7%,方差分析结果显示,玉米的种植株距对于伤苗率的影响最显著(P0.05)。该装置可以满足玉米田间"避苗除草"作业的要求,研究结果可为农田机械除草的优化和设计提供参考。

摘要：针对东北地区免耕播种机在玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田作业时,平面爪轮式清秸防堵装置清秸率低、作业性能不稳定,播种机作业质量和工作效率降低等问题,设计一种星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置。通过分析作业时秸秆颗粒在凹面清秸盘上的运动规律,确定了影响清秸率的主要结构参数和各参数的取值范围。结合旋转正交试验设计和EDEM离散元仿真技术确定了星齿凹面清秸盘的最优结构参数组合,通过田间对比试验验证了该装置的作业性能。研究结果表明:影响星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置作业性能的主要结构参数为清秸盘回转半径、圆盘曲面投影长度和曲率半径。当清秸盘回转半径为152. 5 mm、曲率半径为160 mm和圆盘曲面投影长度为50. 9 mm时,该装置作业性能最佳,苗带清秸率和作业阻力分别为92. 2%和142. 6 N。星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置的工作性能优于平面爪轮式防堵装置,作业质量稳定,满足免耕播种作业农艺和技术要求。

摘要：针对秸秆粉碎还田刀片工作过程中存在的刀片易磨损、粉碎效果不理想和稳定性差等问题,通过分析现有刀片的优缺点,设计了一种V-L型秸秆粉碎还田刀片,具有延长刀片的使用寿命、提高秸秆粉碎效果和作业效率等优点。通过分析拖拉机前进速度、刀辊转速以及二者相互作用对秸秆粉碎率的影响,确定了刀片工作参数的最佳组合:拖拉机进速度为1 m/s,刀辊转速为1 400 r/min。通过2因素3水平正交试验,确定了刀片结构参数的最佳组合:刀片前倾角为10°,刃线与地面夹角为14°。对安装V-L型刀片的秸秆粉碎还田机整机作业效果进行了田间试验,结果表明各项指标均达到了国家相关标准的技术要求。该研究可为秸秆粉碎还田刀片设计提供参考。