摘要：Insulin is widely used in treating diabetes, but still needs to be administered by needle injection. This study investigated a new needle-free approach for insulin delivery. A portable powder needleless injection（PNI） device with an automatic mechanical unit was designed. Its efficiency in delivering insulin was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. The skin irritation caused by the device was investigated and the results were analyzed in relation to aerodynamic parameters. Inorganic salt-carried insulin powders had hypoglycemic effects, while raw insulin powders were not effective when delivered by PNI, indicating that salt carriers play an important role in the delivery of insulin via PNI. The relative delivery efficiency of phosphate-carried insulin powder using the PNI device was 72.25%. A safety assessment test showed that three key factors（gas pressure, cylinder volume, and nozzle distance） were related to the amount of skin irritation caused by the PNI device. Optimized injection conditions caused minimal skin lesions and are safe to use in practice. The results suggest that PNI has promising prospects as a novel technology for delivering insulin and other biological drugs.

摘要：当前核级管路支架人工迭代调整的布置方式占据核电站设计周期的比例较大,且无法实现支架数量和位置的最优选择,难以兼顾经济成本和力学性能。为此,借助管路有限元力学分析和非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II),提出一种面向三维空间核电管路多力学目标性能的支架智能优化布置方法。2种典型核级管路支架设计示例表明:该智能布置方法具有良好的效果,可有效提高设计效率、降低劳动强度,不仅使管路最大应力皆小于RCC-M 《压水堆核岛机械设备设计和建造规则》规范限值,且仍有一定裕量,还能快速分析支架数量的影响,获得兼顾经济性和安全性的最优方案;该智能优化布置方法为核电管路系统支架布置提供了新思路。

摘要：核设施退役之前主要使用放射性测量技术来开展源项调查工作。该文针对退役核设施结构件,构建一种有效的放射性活度分布测量方法。对准直γ探测器的扫描测量过程进行建模,识别影响测量结果的关键因素;对典型的结构件进行分类,设计相应的扫描测量策略;提出等分辨率重建和超分辨率重建两种放射性活度重建方法,对比分析两种方法的适用性与局限性,并通过Monte Carlo模拟对所提出的重建方法的有效性进行验证。结果表明:该放射性活度测量方法能够有效测量退役核设施结构件的放射性活度分布,并且具有良好的位置分辨率和角分辨率,可用于退役核设施结构件放射性活度分布的测量。

摘要：针对汽车外覆盖件的特点,运用Autoform对汽车翼子板进行工艺数值模拟的回弹补偿,将补偿后的数值进行光学检测以及CAE回弹仿真分析,得到优化后的模具型面,利用优化后的模具型面进行模具设计。实践证明,在保证车身外覆盖件成形质量的同时,提高了车身外覆盖件回弹补偿的精确度。

摘要：结构光三维轮廓测量方法目前是三维形状测量的热点,而其中的线结构光技术因其成本低、效率高、精度高成为复杂物体三维轮廓测量方法的典型代表。然而,现有的线结构光法在应用中存在着标定困难、标定精度低等问题,对此,结合双目视觉系统与具有固定特征点的靶标,建立了一种高效、可靠的激光平面方程标定方法。该方法仅需要一个平面靶标和一个额外的相机,只记录两处位置的标定图像便可完成测量系统标定工作。工作时,首先结合左、右标定图像提取的光刀中心和角点获得特征点的像素坐标;然后,通过匹配左、右图像上对应的特征点,确定相机坐标系下特征点的三维坐标;进而,基于多组不同位置的三维特征点坐标,利用最小二乘法拟合激光平面,获得激光平面方程的参数。以标准块为样品的长度测量实验表明,该方法灵活实用、靶标设计简单、具有特征点丰富的优点,相比于典型标定方法,其可高精度地完成系统标定工作,量块宽度测量实验的结果更接近于参考值。另外,对比商用线激光传感器的测量结果,文中方法的测量精度提高了约10μm。

摘要：Simultaneous inhibition of MDM2 and CDK4 may be an effective treatment against glioblastoma. A collection of chiral spirocyclic tetrahydronaphthalene(THN)-oxindole hybrids for this purpose have been developed. Appropriate stereochemistry in THN-fused spirooxindole compounds is key to their inhibitory activity: selectivity differed by over 40-fold between the least and most potent stereoisomers in time-resolved FRET and KINOMEscan~? in vitro assays. Studies in glioblastoma cell lines showed that the most active compound ent-4g induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by interfering with MDM2-P53 interaction and CDK4 activation. Cells treated with ent-4g showed up-regulation of proteins involved in P53 and cell cycle pathways. The compound showed good anti-tumor efficacy against glioblastoma xenografts in mice. These results suggested that rational design, asymmetric synthesis and biological evaluation of novel tetrahydronaphthalene fused spirooxindoles could generate promising MDM2-CDK4 dual inhibitors in glioblastoma therapy.

摘要：使用DEFORM-3D三维模拟软件对哈氏合金基带的粗轧过程进行多道次仿真,依托流变应力的计算,建立了材料物性模型和仿真模型,并利用前几道次的粗轧实验验证了模型的准确性。通过仿真实验探索了压下率、轧辊形状和摩擦因数对轧制流程的影响。结果表明,随着道次压下率的升高,平均轧制力升高,30%道次压下率的轧制流程带来基带应变不均匀性是表面裂纹产生的重要原因,成功预测了后续轧制实验中带材表面产生的裂纹,实际生产应尽量选用20%及以下的压下率;在该应用条件中,新设计的凹面轧辊流程能有效减小轧制力,降低设备要求,提高轧制安全性,实验中部分流程采用凹面轧辊有效地将侧面裂纹的出现延迟到了第8道次;好的润滑条件能减小摩擦,模拟结果表明摩擦因数越小,基带轧制的均匀性越好,但会增加工序的时间,也会提高材料进给的难度。研究结果优化了实际轧制流程,降低了基带轧制过程中的表面及边部裂纹等缺陷。

摘要：曲线封边机是一种用于家具制造和木工行业的关键设备,其性能受到接头间隙调整的影响,针对当前曲线封边机接头间隙余裕及封边加工质量效率低下的问题,规划了作为监控整个曲线封边加工过程的旋转编码器的布局及其控制电路的分析,以DVP-32ES2系列PLC为控制器,完成了主要硬件设备选型和I/O信号地址分配,设计了旋转吸盘编码器、封边靠辊编码器和送带辊编码器的PLC程序。运行结果表明,该设备布局下的接头间隙调整控制系统稳定性高、性能可靠,显著提高了封边带对接的精度,提高了生产效率。

摘要：为系统解决花生下种散乱,出苗率低,第一对侧枝不易出土等生产中存在的诸多问题,设计了花生覆膜“二次镇压”栽培技术,为验证该技术对花生子叶节出土调控效应及增产的效果,以花育25(HY25)和花育36(HY36)为试验材料,设置对照(CK)、清棵(QK)、二次镇压(ZY)3个处理,研究其对不同花生品种出苗率、壮苗率、子叶节出土率、农艺性状、干物质积累、产量构成及品质的影响。结果表明:QK和ZY均有助于壮苗,但ZY可显著提高花生出苗率和子叶节出土率,因此壮苗率较QK进一步提高,与QK相比,ZY处理后HY25和HY36的壮苗率分别提高了13.1%和12.4%;ZY对本身子叶节出土率较低的HY25调控效应更显著。ZY可降低主茎高和侧枝长,促进根系发育,提高成熟期主茎绿叶数和叶面积指数;显著提高植株各器官干物质积累,提高生物产量;促进结实和荚果饱满,增加干物质向荚果分配的比例,提高经济系数;提高实收株数,最终使荚果产量显著提高;提高花生籽仁的含油量和O/L值,改善花生品质。综上所述,花生覆膜“二次镇压”栽培技术有利于提高花生出苗率、壮苗率和子叶节出土率,改善农艺性状、促进干物质积累及提高荚果分配比例,提高产量,改善品质,为花生轻简高效栽培技术提供理论基础与技术支撑。

摘要：A concept of hierarchical stiffened shell is proposed in this study, aiming at reducing the imperfection sen- sitivity without adding additional weight. Hierarchical stiffened shell is composed of major stiffeners and minor stiff- eners, and the minor stiffeners are generally distributed between adjacent major stiffeners. For various types of geo- metric imperfections, e.g., eigenmode-shape imperfections, hierarchical stiffened shell shows significantly low imper- fection sensitivity compared to traditional stiffened shell. Furthermore, a surrogate-based optimization framework is proposed to search for the hierarchical optimum design. Then, two optimum designs based on two different opti- mization objectives （including the critical buckling load and the weighted sum of collapse loads of geometrically imperfect shells with small- and large-amplitude imperfections） are compared and discussed in detail. The illustrative example demonstrates the inherent superiority of hierarchical stiffened shells in resisting imperfections and the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Moreover, the decrease of imperfection sensitivity can finally be converted into a decrease of structural weight, which is particularly important in the development of large-diameter launch vehicles.