摘要：严格遵守报告规范有助于研究者完整、清晰和透明地报道方法学和研究结果。目前国际报告规范网站收录的与外科干预相关的报告指南主要针对某种研究设计类型和部分研究内容。因IDEAL框架是对外科创新技术发展的所有阶段进行评估,而每个阶段都有其核心问题和关键要素,若仅采用已有针对设计类型的报告规范可能忽略这些重要特征,导致研究者不能全面准确地报道相关信息。2018年IDEAL协作网启动制订适用于外科创新技术发展不同阶段的报告规范。本文旨在从产生背景、制作过程和核心内容上对IDEAL报告规范进行解读,促进其在国内研究人员中的理解与应用。

摘要：超临界水氧化技术具有高温、高压特点,高温产物的能量回收是实现超临界水氧化技术工业化的关键。设计2种超临界水能量回收工艺,以火用效率和能量效率为目标函数,研究预热温度400~600℃、体系压力21~29 MPa、透平压力0.1~23 MPa和乏汽温度160~200℃条件下能量回收情况。结果表明:其热能回收优先于压力能回收的工艺,预热温度600℃、反应压力23 MPa、透平出口压力0.1 MPa和换热器热流股出口温度为211.85℃时具有更高火用效率和能量效率,分别为87.7%和76.7%。优先回收热能有利于超临界水氧化技术发展。

摘要：Constructing step-scheme(S-scheme)heterojunctions has been confirmed as a promising strategy for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of composite *** this work,a series of sulfur-doped g-C3N4(SCN)/TiO2 S-scheme photocatalysts were synthesized using electrospinning and calcination *** as-prepared SCN/TiO2 composites showed superior photocatalytic performance than pure TiO2 and SCN in the photocatalytic degradation of Congo Red(CR)aqueous *** significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity benefited not only from the 1D well-distributed nanostructure,but also from the S-scheme ***,the XPS analyses and DFT calculations demonstrated that electrons were transferred from SCN to TiO2 across the interface of the SCN/TiO2 *** built-in electric field,band edge bending,and Coulomb interaction synergistically facilitated the recombination of relatively useless electrons and holes in hybrid when the interface was irradiated by simulated solar ***,the remaining electrons and holes with higher reducibility and oxidizability endowed the composite with supreme redox *** results were adequately verified by radical trapping experiments,ESR tests,and in situ XPS analyses,suggesting that the electron immigration in the photocatalyst followed the S-scheme heterojunction *** work can enrich our knowledge of the design and fabrication of novel S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts and provide a promising strategy for solving environmental pollution in the future.

摘要：Hierarchical heterostructure photocatalysts with broad spectrum solar light utilization,particularly in the nearinfrared(NIR)region,are emerging classes of advanced photocatalytic materials for solar-driven CO2 conversion into value-added chemical ***,a novel two-demensional/three-demensional(2 D/3 D)hierarchical composite is hydrothermally synthesized by assembling vertically-aligned ZnIn2 S4(ZIS)nanowall arrays on nitrogen-doped graphene foams(NGF).The prepared ZIS/NGF composite shows enhancement in photothermal conversion ability and selective CO2 capture as well as solar-driven CO2 ***273 K and 1 atm,the ZIS/NGF composite with 1.0 wt%NGF achieves a comparably high CO2-to-N2 selectivity of 30.1,with an isosteric heat of CO2 adsorption of 48.2 kJ mol^-*** in the absence of cocatalysts and sacrificial agents,the ZIS/NGF composite with cyclability converts CO2 into CH4,CO and CH3 OH under simulated solar light illumination,with the respective evolution rates about 9.1,3.5,and 5.9 times higher than that of the pristine ***-depth analysis using in-situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ISI-XPS)in conjunction with Kelvin probe measurements reveals the underlying charge transfer pathway and process from ZIS to NGF.

摘要：Effective charge separation and rapid interfacial H_(2) production are imperative for the construction of efficient *** to Pt,the metallic Ag co‐catalyst with its strong electron‐trapping ability and excellent electronic conductivity typically exhibits an extremely limited photocatalytic H_(2-)evolution rate owing to its sluggish interfacial H_(2)‐generation *** this study,amorphous AgSe_(x) was incorporated in situ onto metallic Ag as a novel and excellent H_(2)‐evolution active site to boost the interfacial H_(2)‐generation rate of Ag nanoparticles in a TiO_(2)/Ag ***‐shell Ag@AgSe_(x)nanoparticle‐modified TiO_(2)photocatalysts were prepared via a two‐step pathway involving the photodeposition of metallic Ag and the selective surface selenization of metallic Ag to yield amorphous AgSe_(x)*** as‐prepared TiO_(2)/Ag@AgSe_(x)(20μL)photocatalyst exhibited an excellent H_(2‐)production performance of 853.0μmol h^(-1)g^(-1),prominently outperforming the TiO_(2)and TiO_(2)/Ag samples by factors of 11.6 and 2.4,*** investigations and DFT calculations revealed that the enhanced H_(2‐)generation activity of the TiO_(2)/Ag@AgSe_(x)photocatalyst could be accounted by synergistic interactions of the Ag@AgSe_(x)co‐***,the metallic Ag core could quickly capture and transport the photoinduced electrons from TiO_(2)to the amorphous AgSe_(x)shell,whereas the amorphous AgSe_(x)shell provided large active sites for boosting the interfacial H_(2)*** study offers a facile route for the construction of novel core‐shell co‐catalysts for sustainable H_(2)evolution.

摘要：为进一步拓展等离子喷涂技术在铝合金活塞表面防护领域的应用,延长活塞服役寿命,需要对涂层与活塞系统的热力学状态进行研究。以镍基合金涂层为例,通过对活塞模型进行适当的简化,建立了活塞系统热-力耦合场的三维有限元模型,详细分析了喷涂前后关键部位的温度变化情况,并对比了不同载荷以及不同涂层厚度对活塞变形的影响。结果表明:铝合金活塞顶面径向的温度分布和活塞头部至裙部纵向的温度分布呈较为明显的下降趋势;活塞的变形随温度梯度的增加而逐渐加大,涂层可有效改善活塞整体温度与梯度分布;活塞在四种典型位置的变形均随着角度的增加而减小,变形下降曲线几乎呈线性分布,当涂层厚度为0.3 mm时,活塞整体变形取最小值。研究结果为后续的优化设计铺垫了基础。

摘要：设计的计算机控制系统是两级计算机控制系统 ,它将控制和管理功能分开 ,实现信息和操作管理的集中化 ,而控制的分散化的目标 ,上位管理机管理软件和下位机控制软件采用模块化、结构化设计方法 ,形成一个良好的软件结构 ,具有可靠性高。

摘要：电涡流传感器因具备无损检测、非接触测量等优异特性,广泛应用于工业生产等各领域中的微量位移测量、导电介质缺陷检测以及设备运行状态监测。然而,受限于线圈结构参数优化、检测电路创新设计和测量误差动态补偿等技术瓶颈,现有电涡流传感器普遍存在灵敏度欠佳、线性度不足、突变温度场下检测精度亟待提升等突出局限,直接制约着其在各类极限环境下高精度检测领域的推广应用。为此,在深入剖析和系统总结国内外电涡流传感器研究与应用现状的基础上,聚焦线圈结构、检测电路以及误差补偿方法,重点探讨了优化其核心性能的基本原理与关键技术,并对相关研究的发展趋势进行了初步构想与展望,以期为多维度提升传感器性能、根源促进其发展应用提供有效借鉴。

摘要：针对湍流剖面仪的数据采集系统设计和耐压材料选取的问题进行研究.数据采集系统主要研究剪切流处理电路、快速温度处理电路和微处理器,剪切流处理电路获取剪切应力的信息,快速温度处理电路获取湍流快速温度变化的信息,微处理器采用低功耗、高性能、多外设的MSP(混合信号处理器)430完成数据的通信和处理任务.湍流剖面仪的耐压舱使用钛合金耐压材料,采用有限元方法对耐压舱的材料进行力学分析,在5000 m海水深度下,相比不锈钢材料(AISI304),钛合金材料(TC4)在深海条件下的最小安全系数为其4倍,说明具备更好的耐压性能.

摘要：定期对核燃料组件变形状态及其表面氧化膜厚度开展高精度检测已成为保障核电站安全运营的重要举措。针对现有核燃料组件检测装置普遍存在的被动自适应性能欠佳、接触与测量柔性不足、检测精度与效率亟待提升等突出问题,通过设计引入基于变异虎克铰的自适应对中机构、融合接触力动态反馈的主/被动柔性检测单元和基于串并混联的高精度检测机构,创新研制出一款集变形与膜厚高精度检测功能于一体的核燃料组件被动自适应柔性检测装置。在此基础上,通过深入分析装置变形与膜厚检测机理,基于构建的串并混联闭环检测回路,融合制定的概率化传感误差协同补偿策略,提出了一种基于参数动态整合的测量误差补偿方法。样机测试实验结果表明研制装置能够自适应对中各向异性随机变形下的核燃料组件,满足检测过程中的柔性接触与柔性测量要求,配合提出的测量误差补偿方法,可实现核燃料组件变形及氧化膜厚度的高精度检测,有效提升了核燃料组件的检测精度、检测效率与检测安全。