摘要：生物乙醇是重要的生物质平台分子,全球年产能约9000万吨,且乙醇分子化学键丰富,是化学键构成最具代表性的最小的含氧化合物分子,为其高值化转化提供了丰富的反应路径,近年来,引起科学界的广泛关注.本文对乙醇经O-H键定点活化、α-C-H键定点活化,O-H键/α-C-H键同时活化制备高附加值化学品的催化剂设计进行了介绍;对乙醇催化转化在催化剂理性设计、催化剂机理研究以及未来规模化放大等方面进行了展望.

摘要：An adaptable product can satisfy different customer requirements by changing its configuration and parameter values during the operation stage. Design of adaptable products aims at reducing the environment impact through replacement of multiple different products with single adaptable ones. Due to the complex architec- ture, multiple functional requirements, and changes of product configurations and parameter values in operation, impact of uncertainties to the functional performance measures needs to be considered in design of adaptable products. In this paper, a robust design approach is introduced to identify the optimal design configuration and parameters of an adaptable product whose functional performance measures are the least sensitive to uncertain- ties. An adaptable product in this paper is modeled by both configurations and parameters. At the configuration level, methods to model different product configuration candi- dates in design and different product configuration states in operation to satisfy design requirements are introduced. At the parameter level, four types of product/operating parameters and relations among these parameters are discussed. A two-level optimization approach is developed to identify the optimal design configuration and its parameter values of the adaptable product. A case study is implemented to illustrate the effectiveness of the newly developed robust adaptable design method.

摘要：Electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system is one of the most important Tokamak auxiliary heating methods. However, there are growing demands for ECRH system as the physical experiments progress which meanwhile adds the difficulty of designing and building the control system of its power source. In this paper, the method of designing a control system based on Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is introduced according to its main requirements. The experimental results show that the control system in this paper achieves the conversion of different working modes, gets exact timing, and realizes the failure protection in 10us thus can be used in the ECRH system.

摘要：Site engineering seismic survey provides basic data for seismic effect analysis. As an important parameter of soil, shear-wave velocity is usually obtained through wave velocity testing in borehole. In this paper, the passive source surface-wave method is introduced into the site engineering seismic survey and practically applied in an engineering site of Shijingshan District. By recording the ubiquitous weak vibration on the earth surface, extract the dispersion curve from the surface-wave components using the SPAC method and obtain the shear-wave velocity structure from inversion. Over the depth of 42 m under- ground, it totally consists of five layers with interface depth of 3.31, 4.50, 7.23, 17.41, and 42.00 m; and shear-wave velocity of 144.0, 198.3, 339.4, 744.2, and 903.7 m/s, respectively. The inversion result is used to evaluate site classification, determine the maximum shear modulus of soil, provide basis for further seismic hazard analysis and site assessment or site zoning, etc. The result shows that the passive source surface-wave method is feasible in the site engineering seismic survey and can replace boreholes,shorten survey period, and reduce engineering cost to some extent.

摘要：Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of olefins has been considered to be one of the most attractive methods to synthesize esters. Controlling the regioselectivities of linear esters(L) and branched esters(B) is a challenging project for researchers working in this reaction. Although most of the attention has been paid to control the regioselectivity through ligand design in homogeneous catalytic systems, study in the area is still limited. Herein, Ru-clusters/CeO2 is employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the hydromethoxycarbonylation of styrene without any additives. After optimization of the reaction conditions, the conversion of styrene is > 99% with 83% and 12% regioselectivity of linear and branched ester, respectively. By using different supports(CeO2(nanoparticle), CeO2-rod, and CeO2-cube), three catalysts including Ru-clusters/CeO2, Ru/CeO2-rod, and Ru/CeO2-cube are prepared and applied in the reaction. Structural characterizations demonstrate that the L/B ratio is related to the Ru size of supported Ru catalysts. Further Raman characterization and NH3-TPD demonstrate that the metal-support interaction and the concentration of oxygen vacancy of the catalyst have a great influence on the Ru size. The mechanism and kinetic analysis for this reaction are also investigated in this work.

摘要：手性螺环骨架是一类重要的手性化合物,具有独特的三维结构,螺环化合物的两个环互相垂直,具有较强的刚性,也就造就了手性螺环不易消旋化的特点.手性螺环化合物的独特结构使得其具有独特的性质,在药物设计以及手性配体的研究中有着重要的意义[1].但是,由于其分子刚性较强且存在着较大的空间位阻,如何高效地催化不对称合成该骨架一直是科学家研究的重点,尤其是对于多手性中心的螺环化合物的立体发散性合成,依然是一个亟待解决的难题(Figure 1).

摘要：This paper describes an approximated-scalar-sign-function-based anti-windup digital control design for analog nonlinear systems subject to input constraints. As input saturation occurs, the non-smooth saturation constraint is modeled with the approximated scalar sign function which is a smooth nonlinear function. The resulting nonlinear model is further linearized at any operating point with the optimal linearization technique, and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is then applied for a state-feedback controller optimal for each operating point. As input saturation is encountered, an iterative procedure is developed to adjust control gains by systematically updating LQR weighting matrices until the inputs lie within the saturation limits. Through global digital redesign, the analog LQR controller is converted to an equivalent digital one for keeping the essential control performance, and moreover, delay compensation is taken into account during digital redesign for compensating the potential time delays in a control loop. The swing-up and stabilization control of single rotary inverted pendulum system is used to illustrate and verify the proposed method.

摘要：Regulating the selectivity of catalysts in selective hydrogenation reactions at the atomic level is highly desirable but remains a grand challenge. Here we report a simple and practical strategy to synthesize a monolithic single-atom catalyst(SAC) with isolated Pd atoms supported on bulk nitrogen-doped carbon foams(Pd-SAs/CNF). Moreover, we demonstrate that the single-atom Pd sites with unique electronic structure endow Pd-SAs/CNF with an isolated site effect, leading to excellent activity and selectivity in 4-nitrophenylacetylene semi-hydrogenation reaction. In addition, benefiting from the great integrity and excellent mechanical strength, monolithic Pd-SAs/CNF catalyst is easy to separate from the reaction system for conducting the subsequent recycling. The cyclic test demonstrates the excellent reusability and stability of monolithic Pd-SAs/CNF *** discovery of isolated site effect provides a new approach to design highly selective catalysts. And the development of monolithic SACs provides new opportunities to advance the practical applications of single-atom catalysts.

摘要：建立合理准确的管棚理论分析模型并对其进行求解,对推动管棚预支护技术的进一步发展具有重要意义.本文在隧道开挖、支护的施工过程以及未开挖段由于掌子面扰动而导致管棚约束反力有所降低的基础上,建立了基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论的管棚荷载结构模型,同时引入Pasternak弹性地基模型来确定初期支护及掌子面前方岩体对管棚的约束反力,推导出每一循环隧道开挖支护过程中管棚的受力和变形解析表达式,并通过叠加法求解掌子面掘进至任意位置时管棚的受力和变形分布;通过案例比对,验证了本文建立模型的合理性和有效性.研究结果表明:管棚钢管环向间距越小、直径越大越有利于提升管棚的预加固能力;管棚合理搭接长度为1.8m.

摘要：We investigated the hydrolysis of TiⅣ along with naturally abundant AlⅢ ions and reported the formation of a stable and semiconducting nanocluster. Interestingly, this compound exhibits an unusual odd-membered ring structure and also represents the largest Al-containing polyoxotitanium cluster(PTC) observed thus far. The presence of a shell of organic ligands as well as the incorporation of hetero-AlⅢ ions endowed the nanocluster with high air, thermal, and pH stabilities. The present compound exhibited a record photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of 402.88 μmol g–1 h–1 among PTC materials. This work not only paves the way towards stable PTC materials but also provides new insights into the design of novel photocatalysts.