摘要：Targeted drug delivery has been widely explored for efficient tumor therapy with desired efficacy but minimized side effects. It is widely known that large numbers of DNA-toxins, such as doxorubicin, genes, reactive oxygen species, serving as therapeutic agents, can result in maximized therapeutic effects via the interaction directly with DNA helix. So after cellular uptake, these agents should be further delivered into cell nuclei to play their essential roles in damaging the DNA helix in cancer ceils. Here, we demonstrate the first paradigm estabJished in our laboratory in developing nucle- ar-targeted drug delivery systems （DDSs） based on MSNs for enhanced therapeutic efficiency in the hope of speeding their translation into the ctinics. Firstly, nuclear-targeting DDSs based on MSNs, capable of intranuclear accumulation and drug release therein, were designed and constructed for the first time, resulting in much enhanced anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo. Such an MSNs-based and nuclear-targeted drug/agent delivery strategy was further applied to overcome multidrug resistance （MDR） of malignant tumors, intra-nuclearly deliver therapeutic genes, photosensitizers, radio-enhancement agents and photothermal agents to realize efficient gene therapy, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy and photothermal therapy, respectively.

摘要：Solar-driven photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting is a promising technology for sustainable hydrogen production, which relies on the development of efficient and stable photoanodes for water oxidation reaction. The thickness and microstructure of semiconductor films are generally crucial to their PEC properties. Herein, three-dimensional(3D) interconnected nanoporous Ta3N5 film photoanodes with controlled thickness were successfully fabricated via galvanostatic anodization and NH3 nitridation. The porous Ta3N5 nanoarchitectures(NAs) of 900 nm in thickness showed the highest PEC performance due to the optimal lightharvesting and charge separation. Compared with the holeinduced photocorrosion, the electrochemical oxidation at high anodic potentials resulted in severer performance degradation of Ta3N5. Although the surface oxide layer on deteriorated Ta3N5 photoanodes could be removed by NH3 re-treatment,the PEC performance was only partially recovered. As an alternative, anchoring a dual-layer Co(OH)x/Co OOH co-catalyst shell on the porous Ta3N5 NAs demonstrated substantially enhanced PEC performance and stability. Overall, this work provides reference to controllably fabricate 3D nanoporous Ta3N5-based photoanodes for efficient and stable PEC water splitting via optimizing the light absorption, hole extraction,charge separation and utilization.

摘要：随着人口的不断增长和经济的高速发展,化石燃料(煤、石油和天然气等)的使用量急剧增加,能源短缺、温室效应、环境污染等问题日益严重.因此,发展可再生的清洁能源以取代化石燃料对人类社会的可持续发展至关重.由于氢气具有能量密度高、来源丰富、清洁无毒等优点,有望成为替代化石燃料的最有前景的可再生能源.然而,目前氢气主要来自化石燃料的蒸汽重整,该过程需要高温高压,而且产生的氢气杂质含量高、纯化过程复杂,不能满足绿色化学生产的要求.利用可再生电力电解水制氢是一种绿色高效的制氢方式,但其实际应用受限于动力学过程缓慢的阳极析氧反应(OER).因此,采用动力学过程更快的有机小分子(甲醇、乙二醇、甘油等)氧化反应来替代OER,不仅可以降低制氢能耗,还能在制氢的同时获得高附加值氧化产物.本文采用水热结合高温焙烧法制备了负载于导电碳纸上CuCoN_(0.6)(CuCoN_(0.6)/CP)纳米线催化剂.采用扫描电子显微镜与透射电子显微镜等对催化剂形貌进行表征.结果表明,表面粗糙的CuCoN_(0.6)纳米线组成的纳米小球与碳纸紧密结合.X射线光电子能谱结果表明,Cu^(+)成功引入到CuCoN_(0.6)/CP中.电化学性能测试结果表明,CuCoN_(0.6)/CP仅需1.07 V的阳极电位即可达到10 mA cm-2的电流密度.此外,CuCoN_(0.6)/CP具有较小的电荷转移电阻(93.45Ω)以及较大的电化学活性表面积(109.6 mF cm-2),并且目标产物甲酸的法拉第效率达到90.0%.循环伏安和原位拉曼光谱测试结果表明,在电催化过程中催化剂原位重构形成CoOOH活性位点,Cu^(+)和CO_(2)+的氧化促进了活性羟基(OH*)的形成,从而提升了甘油电催化氧化性能.原位红外光谱测试结果表明,甘油氧化的反应路径如下:甘油首先氧化生成甘油醛,再氧化生成甘油酸,其中甘油酸经过C-C键断裂生成乙醇酸和甲酸,然后乙醇酸经过C-C键的断裂生成甲酸,最后成功分离出高纯度、高附加值的产品二甲酸钾.综上,本文通过精心设计非贵金属催化剂,提高其在碱性条件下的催化活性,为有机小分子的电催化转化以及非贵金属电催化剂的设计提供了参考,对后续研究具有参考意义.

摘要：The intrinsic sluggish conversion kinetics and severe shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are responsible for their poor reversible capacity and cycling longevity,which have greatly hindered their practical *** address these drawbacks,herein,we design and construct a heterostructured Ni/Ni_(2)P embedded in a mesoporous carbon nanosphere composite(Ni/Ni_(2)P-MCN)for boosting polysulfide catalytic conversion in Li-S *** Ni/Ni_(2)PMCN-modified separator could not only prevent the shuttle effect significantly through abundant chemical adsorptive sites,but also demonstrate superior catalytic reactivities for the conversion of *** importantly,the conductive carbon matrix with an exposed mesoporous structure can serve as an effective physical barrier to accommodate deposited insoluble Li_(2)***,the cells with the Ni/Ni_(2)P-MCN-modified separator exhibit greatly boosted rate capability(431 mA h g^(-1) at 5 C)and cycling stability(a capacity decay of 0.031% per cycle after 1500 cycles).Even at an enhanced sulfur loading of 4.2 mg cm^(-2),a stable and superior areal capacity(about 3.5 mA h cm^(-2))has been *** envision that the unique Ni/Ni_(2)P heterostructure in the porous carbon matrix could offer great potential for highperformance and sustained energy storage devices.

摘要：Platinum(Pt)is an efficient catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),but the debate of the relevance between the Pt particle size and its electrocatalytic activity still *** strong metal–support interaction(SMSI)between the metal and carrier causes the charge transfer and mass transport from the support to the ***,Pt species(0.5 wt.%)with various particle sizes supported on carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have been synthesized by a photo-reduction ***^1.5 nm-sized Pt catalyst shows much higher HER performance than the counterparts in all pH solutions,and the mass activity of it is even 23–36 times that of Pt/*** for ORR,the^3 nm-sized Pt catalyst exhibits the optimal performance,and the mass activity is 3 times and even 16 times that of Pt/C in acidic and alkaline media,*** high HER and ORR performances of the^1.5 nm-and^3 nm-sized Pt catalysts benefit from the SMSI between Pt and the CNTs matrix and the higher ratio of face sites to edge sites,which is meaningful for the design of efficient electrocatalysts for renewable energy application.

摘要：针对含有测量噪声和过程噪声的力矩电机直驱转台伺服系统,提出一种基于卡尔曼滤波器的数字滑模控制策略。首先,考虑到现有控制多采用计算机进行离散数字控制,首先将力矩电机伺服系统的数学模型进行数字离散化;其次,对离散化系统设计基于指数趋近率的软切换滑模控制器;最后,将设计的滑模控制器信号和带噪声的输出通过Kalman滤波器,得到系统最终输出信号。仿真实验结果表明:所设计的控制器对系统的噪声具有很强的鲁棒性和跟踪性能。

摘要：简单介绍先进陶瓷的特点,材料的制备科学、结构设计以及其它一些最新的研究。

摘要：基于介孔薄膜的有序纳米孔结构及一致孔径,通过客体组分的高效负载,开展介孔基纳米复合薄膜的制备科学与性能研究是近年来材料、化学、物理领域的共同热点。首先综述了国内外近年来在介孔薄膜及介孔基纳米复合薄膜方面的工作进展,重点阐释了通过模板置换、离子交换、有机硅烷表面修饰等新方法设计,以及在介孔薄膜中进行金属氧化物、贵金属、半导体纳米粒子高效负载的研究结果;在此基础上,进一步综述了介孔基纳米复合薄膜有关非线性光学特性的研究进展,尤其是材料制备过程中的外场环境(磁场、微重力等)对纳米复合材料非线性光学性质的可能影响。

摘要：本文在目前相关系研究的基础上，通过组份设计和工艺条件摸索，制备出不同相组成和显微结构的Ｙ－α－β－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ复相陶瓷，根据相图并结合测量的收缩速率曲线分析了组份对致密化过程和相含量的影响。此外由化学、相、组成设计并配以一定工艺条件，实现了相结构和显微结构的调控。

摘要：介孔薄膜是介孔材料中的一种重要材料形式.根据介孔基纳米复合薄膜制备科学及非线性光学性能研究现状,基于相似相容原理、离子交换、无电沉积、电沉积、沉积-沉淀等新方法设计在介孔薄膜中实现金属与半导体纳米粒子高效及高分散性组装的系列结果,重点分析了合成纳米复合薄膜材料的非线性光学性质,研究了外场环境,特别是强磁场条件下的热处理过程对纳米金负载介孔基纳米复合薄膜结构与非线性光学性质的影响.