摘要：Multiuser detection can be described as a quadratic optimization problem with binary constraint. Many techniques are available to find approximate solution to this problem. These tech- niques can be characterized in terms of complexity and detection performance. The ＂efficient frontier＂ of known techniques include the decision-feedback, branch-and-bound and probabilistic data association detectors. The presented iterative multiuser detection technique is based on joint deregularized and box-constrained so- lution to quadratic optimization with iterations similar to that used in the nonstationary Tikhonov iterated algorithm. The deregulari- zation maximizes the energy of the solution, this is opposite to the Tikhonov regularization where the energy is minimized. However, combined with box-constraints, the deregularization forces the solution to be close to the binary set. We further exploit the box- constrained dichotomous coordinate descent （DCD） algorithm and adapt it to the nonstationary iterative Tikhonov regularization to present an efficient detector. As a result, the worst-case and aver- age complexity are reduced down to K28 and K2~ floating point operation per second, respectively. The development improves the ＂efficient frontier＂ in multiuser detection, which is illustrated by simulation results. Finally, a field programmable gate array （FPGA） design of the detector is presented. The detection performance obtained from the fixed-point FPGA implementation shows a good match to the floating-point implementation.

摘要：Fail-safe topology optimization is valuable for ensuring that optimized structures remain operable even under damaged *** selectively removing material stiffness in patches with a fixed shape,the complex phenomenon of local failure is modeled in fail-safe topology *** this work,we first conduct a comprehensive study to explore the impact of patch size,shape,and distribution on the robustness of fail-safe *** findings suggest that larger sizes and finer distribution of material patches can yield more robust fail-safe ***,a finer patch distribution can significantly increase computational costs,particularly for 3D *** keep computational efforts tractable,an efficient fail-safe topology optimization approach is established based on the framework of multi-resolution topology optimization(MTOP).Within the MTOP framework,the extended finite element method is introduced to establish a decoupling connection between the analysis mesh and the topology description *** examples demonstrate that the developed methodology is 2 times faster for 2D problems and over 25 times faster for 3D problems than traditional fail-safe topology optimization while maintaining similar levels of robustness.

摘要：Seeking catalysts with high electrocatalytic activity for ambient-condition N2 reduction reaction (NRR) remains an ongoing challenge due to the chemical inertness of ***,defect-rich WS2 nanosheets (WS2-x) were designed as an efficient electrocatalyst for NRR,which were prepared via vulcanizing the oxygen-vacancy-rich tungsten oxide in a vacuum *** sulfur defects were conducive to the adsorption and activation of *** neutral electrolyte of 0.1 mol L^(-1)Na2SO_(4) at-0.60 V *** hydrogen electrode,such WS2-xoffered a high Faradaic efficiency of 12.1%with a NH3generation rate of 16.38μg h-1mg-1cat..

摘要：科学正在进入一个新时代——第五范式——它被认为是知识整合到不同领域的主要特征,是基于无所不在的机器学习系统的计算社区中智能驱动的工作。在此,我们通过在天河一号超级计算机系统上构建的催化材料专门设计的典型平台案例,生动地阐明了第五范式的本质,旨在促进第五范式在其他领域的培养。第五范式平台主要包括模型自动构建(原始数据提取)、指纹自动构建(神经网络特征选择)以及跨学科知识串联的重复迭代(“火山图”)。与分解一起进行的是对迭代中实现的体系结构的性能评估。通过讨论,第五范式的智能驱动平台可以极大地简化和改进研究中极其繁琐和具有挑战性的工作,并通过补偿机器学习中缺少样本和替代一些由于计算资源不足而导致的数值计算来实现数值计算与机器学习之间的相互反馈,从而加速探索过程。在数据驱动的学科中,跨学科专家的协同作用和对动态数据需求的急剧增长仍然是一个挑战。我们相信,对第五范式平台的一瞥可以为其在其他领域的应用铺平道路。

摘要：Rapid capacity decay and inferior kinetics are the vital issues of anodes in the conversion reaction for lithium-ion *** engineering can efficiently modulate the intrinsic properties of transition-metal oxide(TMO)-based electrode materials,but the effect of oxygen vacancies on electrode performance remains ***,abundant oxygen vacancies are in situ introduced into the lattice of different TMOs(e.g.,Co_(3)O_(4),Fe_(2)O_(3),and NiO)via a facile hydrothermal treatment combined with *** Co_(3)O_(4)as a typical example,results prove that the oxygen vacancies in Co_(3)O_(4−x)effectively accelerate charge transfer at the interface and significantly increase electrical conductivity and pseudocapacitance *** Li-ion diffusion coefficient of Co_(3)O_(4−x) is remarkably improved by two orders of magnitude compared with that of Co_(3)O_(4).Theoretical calculations reveal that Co_(3)O_(4−x)has a lower Li-insertion energy barrier and more density of states around the Fermi level than Co_(3)O_(4),which is favorable for ion and electron ***,TMOs with rich vacancies exhibit superior cycling performance and enhanced rate capability over their *** strategy regulating the reaction kinetics would provide inspiration for designing other TMObased electrodes for energy applications.

摘要：Huge calculation burden and difficulty in convergence are the two central conundrums of nonlinear topology optimization(NTO).To this end,a multi-resolution nonlinear topology optimization(MR-NTO)method is proposed based on the multiresolution design strategy(MRDS)and the additive hyperelasticity technique(AHT),taking into account the geometric nonlinearity and material *** MR-NTO strategy is established in the framework of the solid isotropic material with penalization(SIMP)method,while the Neo-Hookean hyperelastic material model characterizes the material *** coarse analysis grid is employed for finite element(FE)calculation,and the fine material grid is applied to describe the material *** alleviate the convergence problem and reduce sensitivity calculation complexity,the software ANSYS coupled with AHT is utilized to perform the nonlinear FE calculation.A strategy for redistributing strain energy is proposed during the sensitivity analysis,i.e.,transforming the strain energy of the analysis element into that of the material element,including Neo-Hooken and second-order Yeoh *** examples highlight three distinct advantages of the proposed method,i.e.,it can(1)significantly improve the computational efficiency,(2)make up for the shortcoming that NTO based on AHT may have difficulty in convergence when solving the NTO problem,especially for 3D problems,(3)successfully cope with high-resolution 3D complex NTO problems on a personal computer.

摘要：一些鸟类的脖颈具有出色的柔性弯曲能力,模仿其特性可以设计仿生机器人.该类仿生设计的主要挑战是如何处理鸟类脖颈固有的灵活性和冗余的自由度.本文以鸡的脖颈结构为例,提出了一种模仿其脖颈结构特征的仿生超冗余机器人的设计方法.在我们的设计中,首先研究鸡脖颈的多骨节连接与运动特性,并定义了一个具有弹簧和万向节组合的仿生椎骨单元(BVU)来模拟鸡脖颈结构.然后,由三根钢丝平行驱动的三个仿生椎骨单元形成单个颈椎节段.最后,连接四个相同的颈椎节段构成了所提出的仿生超冗余机器人.结合几何分析法和Denavit-Hartemberg(D-H)参数法,研究了仿生超冗余机器人的驱动空间、关节空间和任务空间的运动学关系.通过蒙特卡洛方法进一步计算了可达工作空间.此外,原型样机的单平面运动实验的最大位置偏差约为四个颈椎节段总长度的5.8%.同时,一系列空间形状的展示,包括S形仿生弯曲配置和对兴趣目标体的成功缠绕和提升,证明了所提出的设计方法的有效性、机器人具有优异的灵活性和应用潜力.

摘要：设计了一款抗辐射16位25 MS/s流水线型模数转换器(ADC)。根据电容失配等因素确定了第一级4位的流水线结构,并设计了改进的自举开关来提高采样线性度。为了降低系统功耗,设计了一种开关电容动态偏置电路,通过减小放大器的平均电流来降低ADC的系统功耗。为了满足抗辐射的要求,针对电离总剂量效应和单粒子闩锁效应的机理,对电路进行抗辐射加固设计。该款抗辐射ADC在0.18μm CMOS工艺上进行制造,转换器的芯片面积为2.5 mm^(2),经过辐射试验后,在采样率25 MHz、1.8 V电源电压和30.1 MHz正弦输入的条件下,ADC的信噪比(SNR)达到了76.7 dBFS,无杂散动态范围(SFDR)为95.1 dBFS,功耗为38.76 mW,抗辐射能力达到电离总剂量100 Krad(Si)和单粒子闩锁阈值75 MeV·cm^(2)/mg,可满足空间环境的使用要求。

摘要：近年来,国产动画蓬勃发展,促进了中国传统文化的传播。然而,具有现实主义风格的国产动画并不普遍。现实主义动画能够带来真实体验,提供与“神话传说”动画不同的文化传播视角。现实主义动画以其真实场景、事件和人文关怀,让观众身临其境。将民族元素与现实主义有机结合,不仅能够揭示社会问题、宣扬民族文化,还能激发观众的民族认同感。

摘要：We propose the construction of a compact linac as the injector of a cancer therapy facility at the Institute of Modern Physics(IMP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS). Based on a traditional setup, a new compact fast-bunching design is first introduced to optimize the 600 keV/u RFQ with a 0.05 pm A ^(12)C^(4+) beam. This shortens the RFQ structure length from the standard design value of272–230 cm while effectively regulating the particle loss and emittance growth. In addition, a detailed error analysis was performed after the optimization process. The error sources cover input beam parameters errors, machining errors and alignment errors. The simulation results show that the beam loss and emittance growth of the RFQ are acceptable and within typical ranges of error.