摘要：目的:Q345R是中国应用最多、最广泛的压力容器钢板材料,其低温韧性在国际上被严重低估。本文旨在通过大量试验研究,探明Q345R在低温下的实际韧性表征,得到其特有的冲击试验豁免曲线,并确定其合适的使用温度范围。创新点:1.基于大量低温试验数据,并考虑应变率的影响,得到了Q345R特有的冲击试验豁免曲线;2.采用主曲线方法代替纯冲击试验方法评价Q345R低温韧性,得到了基于主曲线方法的Q345R豁免曲线;3.通过比较两类韧性评价方法所得的豁免曲线,最终确定合适的Q345R使用温度范围。方法:1.利用试验获得大量的冲击试验数据(图3),通过计算K1(min)–t关系(图5)和Kc–T关系(图9),并考虑应变率的影响(公式(18)),得到Q345R特有的冲击试验豁免曲线(图10);2.利用试验方法获得Q345R的主曲线(图4),并用其代替原来的Kc–T关系,得到基于主曲线方法的Q345R豁免曲线(图14);3.比较两类方法的K1d–T关系(图13)和豁免曲线(图14)。结论:1.Q345R的低温韧性在国际上被严重低估;2.得到了Q345R特有的冲击试验豁免曲线及其合适的使用温度范围;3.主曲线方法的引入能进一步拓展Q345R的使用温度范围。

摘要：As the idea of simulated annealing (SA) is introduced into the fitness function, an improved genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to perform the optimal design of a pressure vessel which aims to attain the minimum weight under burst pressure con- straint. The actual burst pressure is calculated using the arc-length and restart analysis in finite element analysis (FEA). A penalty function in the fitness function is proposed to deal with the constrained problem. The effects of the population size and the number of generations in the GA on the weight and burst pressure of the vessel are explored. The optimization results using the proposed GA are also compared with those using the simple GA and the conventional Monte Carlo method.

摘要：Cold-stretched pressure vessels from austenitic stainless steels (ASS) are widely used for storage and transportation of liquefied gases, and have such advantages as thin wall and light weight. Fatigue is an important concern in these pressure vessels, which are subjected to alternative loads. Even though several codes and standards have guidelines on these pressure vessels, there are no relevant design methods on fatigue failure. To understand the fatigue properties of ASS 1.4301 (equivalents include UNS S30400 and AISI 304) in solution-annealed (SA) and cold-stretched conditions (9% strain level) and the response of fatigue properties to cold stretching (CS), low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were performed at room temperature, with total strain amplitudes ranging from ±0.4% to ±0.8%. Martensite transformations were measured during the tests. Comparisons on cyclic stress response, cyclic stress-strain behavior, and fatigue life were carried out between SA and CS materials. Results show that CS reduces the initial hardening stage, but prolongs the softening period in the cyclic stress response. Martensite transformation helps form a stable regime and subsequent secondary hardening. The stresses of monotonic and cyclic stress-strain curves are improved by CS, which leads to a lower plastic strain and a much higher elastic strain. The fatigue resistance of the CS material is better than that of the SA material, which is approximately 1×103 to 2×104 cycles. The S-N curve of the ASME standard for ASS is compared with the fatigue data and is justified to be suitable for the fatigue design of cold-stretched pressure vessels. However, considering the CS material has a better fatigue resistance, the S-N curve will be more conservative. The present study would be helpful in making full use of the advantages of CS to develop a new S-N curve for fatigue design of cold-stretched pressure vessels.

摘要：This paper proposes a theoretical method using finite element analysis(FEA) to calculate the plastic collapse loads of pressure vessels under internal pressure,and compares the analytical methods according to three criteria stated in the ASME Boiler Pressure Vessel Code. First,a finite element technique using the arc-length algorithm and the restart analysis is developed to conduct the plastic collapse analysis of vessels,which includes the material and geometry non-linear properties of vessels. Second,as the mechanical properties of vessels are assumed to be elastic-perfectly plastic,the limit load analysis is performed by em-ploying the Newton-Raphson algorithm,while the limit pressure of vessels is obtained by the twice-elastic-slope method and the tangent intersection method respectively to avoid excessive deformation. Finally,the elastic stress analysis under working pressure is conducted and the stress strength of vessels is checked by sorting the stress results. The results are compared with those obtained by experiments and other existing models. This work provides a reference for the selection of the failure criteria and the calculation of the plastic collapse load.

摘要：设计了以STM32单片机为核心控制模块的放射源实时监管与预警系统。该系统使用G-M计数器与GPS导航定位模块,通过物联网通信模块的GPRS技术将放射源的定位信息与剂量率信息发送至移动设备中的放射源监控软件,并可在放射源状态出现异常时及时预警,使监管人员立即采取应急措施,实现了对于放射源实时监管与预警。放射源实时监控设备性能测试显示其灵敏度为0.06 s^(-1)/(nGy/h),能量线性度为98.72%,稳定性为10.9%,重复性为4.05%。

摘要：模型未知的冗余机器人执行任务的过程中会产生较大的控制误差,其末端执行器的位置与姿态也需要针对不同任务进行修正.为解决该问题,提出一种基于数据驱动的冗余机器人末端执行器位置与姿态控制方案.该方案使用在线学习技术,能够应用于模型未知的冗余机器人控制.同时引入四元数表示法将控制机器人末端执行器姿态问题转化为基于四元数表示的控制方法.随后,设计一种神经动力学求解器对所提方案进行求解.相关的理论分析、仿真及对比体现了所提方案的可行性、有效性与新颖性.

摘要：托盘是货物运输中的重要工具,其生产原料也呈现出多样化的发展趋势。本文针对废弃玻璃纤维增强塑料(GFRP)托盘进行结构设计,使用ABAQUS进行静力分析,并通过ISIGHT对托盘进行DOE全因子试验优化。将托盘结构参数作为变量,托盘质量、最大应力作为优化目标,进而得到局部最优解。将DOE试验结果通过RBF模型进行拟合,得到近似模型,并通过NSGA-Ⅱ算法对其进行优化,进而得到最优结构。结果表明,DOE优化后,托盘质量增加了9.2%,最大应力降低了18.2%;通过NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化后,托盘质量减小了1.2%,最大应力降低了15.3%,实现了对托盘结构的优化设计。

摘要：机翼前缘结冰会改变机翼的气动轮廓并影响整体的空气动力学性能.研究简化角冰冰形对翼型绕流流场结构的影响可以为飞机防冰设计提供有价值的参考.采用粒子图像测速技术,在低速直流风洞中对覆盖不同角冰冰形的翼型在不同攻角时的流场结构进行了详细的实验测量.实验对象包括三种简化的冰形和原始冰形.结果表明,在本研究范围内,覆盖简化冰形的翼型和覆盖原始冰形的翼型在流场参数上的最大差异为35.11%.与原始冰形相比,覆盖简化的角冰冰形的翼型流场中的分离泡距离翼型前缘和后缘更远.在三种冰形简化方法中,将冰角简化成矩形并在冰角之间添加抛物线的连接方式具有比较好的简化效果.在选定的两个区域中,这种简化冰形和原始冰形在翼型绕流流场的参数平均值的差异在14.88%之内.

摘要：以福州国家森林公园为例,结合AHP法、问卷调查法与GIS空间分析法量化评价景观元素、空间特征与健康效益评估状况,利用相关性分析与Johnson-Neyman技术解析三者之间的影响,并对空间特征的调节效应与调节阈值进行评估,揭示其作用逻辑和影响边界。结果表明:1)森林公园景观元素对健康效益评估具有显著影响,植被(0.1213)、自然互动体验(0.0962)、动物(0.0914)是重要指标;2)绿视率、植被覆盖度、归一化植被指数、空间可达性、空间围合度与健康效益评估存在显著相关性,但不同要素之间的影响关系具有差异性;3)森林公园景观元素对健康效益评估产生影响的过程中,空间特征对于局部路径存在显著调节作用,绿视率、植被覆盖度、归一化植被指数和空间围合度的正向调节效应阈值分别为34.489、0.2316、0.1911、0.664。结合森林公园评价和空间特征分析,通过相关性分析与调节效应检验,解析了森林公园景观元素、空间特征与健康效益评估的影响,为健康导向的森林公园景观规划设计提供参考借鉴与实践价值。

摘要：目的 优化糯米蛋用料配比并对其质构进行分析。方法 以感官评分为评价指标,并利用模糊数学感官评价和D-最优混料设计优化糯米蛋的用料配比,并对比优化前后糯米蛋的感官特征与质构变化。结果 将咸鸭蛋质量的16.1%香肠粒、16.6%玉米粒、50.0%糯米、15.9%胡萝卜丁、0.5%十三香粉和0.9%盐作为配料,采用糯米蛋的制作工艺,可获得色泽悦目、香气浓郁协调、入口细腻、感官评分为98.1分的糯米蛋,其弹性(3.89 mm)与咀嚼性(891.83 g)显著高于优化前(P<0.05),并且各项理化指标均符合Q/BHPSS 0001 S—2021《糯米蛋》要求。结论 该研究结果 可为同类型糯米蛋的标准化、工业化生产提供一定的参数借鉴。