摘要：To meet the current energy needs of society,the highly efficient and continuous production of clean energy is *** of the key issues facing the green hydrogen evolution is the construction of efficient,low-cost *** blue(PB),Prussian blue analogs(PBAs),and their derivatives have tunable metal centers and have attracted significant interest as novel photo-and electrochemical *** this review,recent research progress into PB/PBA-based hollow structures,substrate-supported nanostructures,and their derivatives for green water splitting is discussed and ***,several remarkable examples of nanostructured PB/PBAs supported on substrates(copper foil,carbon cloth,and nickel foam)and hollow structures(such as single-shelled hollow boxes,open hollow cages,and intricate hollow structures(multi-shell and yolk-shell))are discussed in detail,including their synthesis and formation ***,the applications of PB/PBA derivatives((hydr)oxides,phosphides,chalcogenides,and carbides)for water splitting are ***,the limitations in this research area and the most urgent challenges are *** hope that this review will stimulate more researchers to develop technologies based on these intricate PB/PBA structures and their derivatives for highly efficient,green water splitting.

摘要：The ternary cobalt-nickel-iron phosphide nanocubes (P-Co0.9Ni0.9Fe1.2 NCs) with high intrinsic activity, conductivity, defect concentration and optimized ratio have been realized through a facile phosphorization treatment using ternary cobalt-nickel-iron nanocubes of Prussian blue analogs (PBA) as a precursor. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results show that the P-Co0.9Ni0.9Fe1.2 NCs maintain a cubic structure with a rough surface, implying the rich surface defects as exposed active sites. The thermal phosphorization of the ternary PBA precursor not only provids carbon doping but also leads to the in situ construction of surface defects on the NCs. The carbon doping from the PBA precursor lowers the charge transfer resistance and optimizes the electronic transformation. The synergistic effect among the ternary metal ions and rich defects contributes to the enhanced electrocatalytic performance . The P-Co0.9Ni0.9Fe1.2NCs achieve low overpotentials of -200.7 and 273.1 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^-2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. The potential of overall water splitting reaches 1.52 V at a current density of 10 mA cm^-2. The longterm stability of the electrocatalysts was also evaluated. This work provides a facile method to design efficient transitionmetal- based bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

摘要：本课题以降低增强辅料的用量为研究目标,对生产白面牛卡纸时降低干强剂用量和改善制浆造纸过程的方法进行了探讨。运用六西格玛工具对影响干强剂用量的相关因子进行分析验证,针对关键因子进行DOE实验设计,优化工艺参数;经优化后,干强剂用量降低7 kg/t纸,成本降低19元/t纸,实现生产线年成本降低100万元的目标。

摘要：Micro-/nano-patterns on hydrogels are widely used in cell ***,manufacturing molds with traditional lithography is time-consuming and *** addition,the excessive demolding force can easily damage patterns since biocompatible hydrogels are ultra-soft or ***,we presented a novel method for rapid and mass fabrication of cell ***-precision three-dimensional(3D)printing was used to manufacture a mold with a resolution of 2µm,and the gelatin-based hydrogel was cured by thermal–photo-crosslinking so that the low-concentration and low-substitutionrate hydrogel could be demolded *** found that pre-cooling before illumination made gelatin-based hydrogels resilient due to the partial regain of triple-helix *** this method,arbitrarily customized hydrogel patterns with a feature size of 6–80µm can be fabricated stably and at low *** cardiomyocytes were seeded on ultra-soft hydrogels with parallel groove structures,a consistent and spontaneous beating with 216 beats per minute(BPM)could be observed,approaching the natural beating rate of rat hearts(300 BPM).Overall,this work provides a general scheme for manufacturing cell patterns which has great potential for cell ethology and tissue repair.

摘要：数据中心余热供热是提高数据中心能源利用效率和实现冬季清洁供暖的重要途径。本文提出了一种适用于数据中心的长距离供热系统,在热源和热汇处设置多级热泵以增大供热管网供回水温差,并使用储热装置保障数据中心和供热系统的安全性,提高数据中心余热利用率。以张家口某数据中心为例进行了分析,该系统初投资为50.21元/m^(2),运行费用为26.37元/GJ,投资回收期约为5.31 a,具有较好的经济性和节能减排效果。

摘要：目的比较单次空腹与餐后条件下吡嘧司特钾片在中国健康受试者体内的药代动力学,评价受试制剂(T)和参比制剂(R)的生物等效性。方法采用随机、开放、单剂量、两周期、双交叉生物等效性试验设计,空腹组与餐后组各入组26名与30名受试者,每周期在空腹状态或餐后状态下服用受试制剂与参比制剂10 mg,在给药周期前后按设计的时间点采集静脉血。用高效液相质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS)测定血浆中的吡嘧司特钾浓度,用Phoenix TM WinNonlin(8.3)软件计算药代动力学参数,对两制剂进行生物等效性分析。结果空腹单次口服给药受试制剂和参比制剂的t 1/2分别为(4.44±0.91)h和(4.49±0.93)h,t max中位数分别为(1.96±1.29)h和(2.18±1.25)h,C max分别为(867.12±205.56)μg·L^(-1)和(863.35±172.03)μg·L^(-1),AUC 0-t分别为(5513.23±1463.67)h·μg·L^(-1)和(5661.32±1628.65)h·μg·L^(-1),AUC 0-∞分别为(5699.81±1477.68)h·μg·L^(-1)和(5849.44±1644.75)h·μg·L^(-1);受试者的主要药代动力学参数C max、AUC 0-t、AUC 0-∞的90%置信区间的统计结果分别为92.49%~107.53%、94.71%~100.67%和95.28%~100.27%,均在80.00%~125.00%范围内,空腹口服受试制剂与参比制剂安全性良好;餐后单次口服给药受试制剂和参比制剂的t 1/2分别为(4.46±0.78)h和(4.51±0.84)h,t max中位数分别为(3.08±1.36)h和(3.28±1.28)h,C max分别为(683.83±111.87)μg·L^(-1)和(689.77±110.24)μg·L^(-1),AUC 0-t分别为(5695.99±1566.05)h·μg·L^(-1)和(5773.60±1551.04)h·μg·L^(-1),AUC 0-∞分别为(5914.06±1551.86)h·μg·L^(-1)和(5967.30±1552.89)h·μg·L^(-1);C max、AUC 0-t、AUC 0-∞的90%置信区间统计结果分别为93.56%~104.69%、96.43%~100.83%和97.29%~101.14%,均在80.00%~125.00%范围内,餐后口服受试制剂与参比制剂安全性良好。结论在空腹与餐后的单次口服给药条件下,两种吡嘧司特钾片具有较好的生物等效性。

摘要：本文围绕POE(“预测—观察—解释”)策略开展硝酸化学性质的课堂实践教学。以硝酸的化学性质为主线,学生根据教师创设的知识情境利用已有经验预测硝酸的化学性质;观察实验现象与结果,解释预测的合理性得出正确结论;教学各个环节设置评价任务,小组合作、实验探究发展学生核心素养,体现“教—学—评”一体化的教学理念。POE策略充分利用学生已有经验,体现以学生为主体的课堂,有利于培养学生观察、交流、分析以及解决问题的能力;以“硝酸化学性质”为例,设计教学方案并进行课堂案例研究,以期能为中学教师提供教学参考思路。

摘要：在图像分割中,单次卷积和频繁的池化操作容易产生冗余信息或遗漏关键信息.本文设计了一种多尺度的残差挤压和激励注意力的双U形分割网络(MRSEA-DUNet)来解决上述问题.首先,该网络由两个U形的网络组成,分别是预编码网络和精确分割网络.为避免频繁的卷积和池化操作导致信息丢失或产生无效信息,提出了具有不同大小感受野的阶梯卷积模块(SCM),并采用并行结构,可以在不同尺度上捕获更丰富、更详细的特征.其次,还设计了一种残差挤压和激励注意力模块(RSEAM),可以通过空间和通道提高有效特征增益,消除冗余信息,并且提高了模型的整体鲁棒性.最后,为了减少了降采样操作的数量,简化了纵向复杂度.实验结果表明,本文MRSEA-DUNet模型的精度、Jaccard系数和Dice系数分别达到0.995 4、 0.979 4和0.989 5,均优于其他7种主流模型,优化了分割效果.

摘要：现有针对炼化装置的振荡传播分析方法构建的振荡传播因果模型中冗余、错误因果关系较多,为此,提出基于时间模式注意力的炼化装置振荡传播分析方法。考虑到时间模式注意力对数据的周期性特征提取能力较强的特点,将其与格兰杰因果分析相结合进行振荡传播因果模型构建,该方法构建的因果模型冗余、错误因果关系较少。同时利用设计结构矩阵对炼化装置的过程变量进行分组处理,以降低所提方法的计算复杂度。所提方法的有效性在催化裂化分馏塔动态仿真模型上得到了验证。

摘要：为降低气体放电间隙直流条件下自击穿电压分散性,尽可能不影响其自击穿电压,基于环形电极放电间隙,设计了一种在阴极中心植入辅助放电针的辅助放电电极结构。通过电场仿真,研究了辅助放电针直径、长度和顶部倒角对放电间隙场畸变的影响。实验研究了放电间隙无辅助放电针和植入辅助放电针后,其在干燥空气和SF_(6)气体中的直流自击穿特性。结果表明:辅助放电针直径越小、长度越长,电极环对其电场屏蔽作用越弱,放电间隙场畸变强度越大;辅助放电针对SF_(6)气体放电间隙直流自击穿电压影响较小,随着场畸变系数的增大,同一气压下干燥空气自击穿电压下降百分数为SF_(6)气体自击穿电压下降百分数的2~3倍;辅助放电针对直流条件下干燥空气和SF_(6)气体放电间隙自击穿电压稳定性具有有益作用,分散性减小百分数较无辅助放电针结构均提高约25%。