摘要：Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are considered ideal energy‐conversion devices because of their environmentally friendly nature and high theoretical energy ***,cathodic polarization,which is a result of the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics,is a significant source of energy loss and reduces fuel cell ***,the need to use Pt in commercial Pt/C cathodes has restricted their large‐scale application in fuel cells because of its high cost and poor ***,improvements in the activity and durability of Pt‐based catalyst are required to reduce the amount of Pt required and,thus,costs,while increasing the ORR rate and fuel cell power density and promoting widespread PEMFC *** recent years,atomically ordered Pt‐based intermetallic nanocrystals have received tremendous attention owing to their excellent activity and stability for the ***,in this review,we first introduce the formation of intermetallic compounds from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics to lay a theoretical foundation for the design of these *** addition,optimization strategies for Pt‐based ordered intermetallic catalysts are summarized in terms of the catalyst composition,size,and ***,we conclude with a discussion of the current challenges and future prospects of Pt‐based ordered *** review is designed to help readers gain insights into the recent developments in and rational design of Pt‐based intermetallic nanocrystals for the ORR and encourage research that will enable the commercialization of PEMFCs.

摘要：Pt基电催化剂是目前性能最好的氧还原反应(Oxygen reduction reaction,ORR)催化剂,在保证活性和稳定性的前提下,减少Pt用量是实现其规模化应用的关键因素。本文分析了近年来具有高电催化性能低Pt的ORR催化剂,依据其显著特征,重点评述了合金、特殊结构和单原子3类低Pt的ORR催化剂,总结概述了优化提升性能的策略,如设计Pt位点的配位环境调控电子结构和提高Pt原子暴露率增加活性位点数目等。最后,概述了目前仍然面临的挑战,并提出了相应的策略。