摘要：In order to take full advantage of regeneration process to reduce fresh water consumption and avoid the accumulation of trace contaminants, regeneration reuse and regeneration recycle should be distinctive. A stepwise optimal design for water network is developed to simplify solution procedures for the formulated MINLP problem. In this paper, a feasible water reuse network framework is generated. Some heuristic rules from water reuse network are used to guide the placement of regeneration process. Then the outlet stream of regeneration process is considered as new water source. Regeneration reuse network structure is obtained through an iterative optimal procedure by taking the insights from reuse water network structure. Furthermore, regeneration recycle is only utilized to eliminate fresh water usage for processes in which regeneration reuse is impossible. Compared with the results obtained by relevant researches for the same example, the present method not only provides an appropriate regeneration reuse water network with minimum fresh water and regenerated water flow rate but also suggests a water network involving regeneration recycle with minimum recycle water flow rate. The design can utilize reuse, regeneration reuse and regeneration recycle step by step with minor water network structure change to achieve better flexibility. It can satisfy different demands for new plants and modernization of existing plants.

摘要：A Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 strain isolated from the traditional Chinese pickles was used for the production of 3-phenyllactic acid(PLA), an important compound with antimicrobial activities against a wide species of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria and some fungi. The growth performance of this strain in the de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe(MRS) medium, the production of metabolites of valuable organic acids, and the biosynthesis of PLA using this strain as the whole-cell biocatalyst and phenylpyruvic acid(PPA) as the precursor, were investigated experimentally. The uniform design method with overlay sampling was developed for the optimization of the biotransformation conditions. The results showed that although it produced naturally lactic acid with the maximum concentration of 1.84 g·L^(-1) and PLA with the concentration of 0.015 g·L^(-1) after 66 to 72 h cultivation in MRS broth by fermentation, the present strain displayed an effective utilization ability by transforming PPA to PLA. By the uniform design method with overlay sampling for the design and optimization of transformation conditions, a maximum yield of 10.93 g·L^(-1) PLA with the mole conversion ratio of 83.07% from PPA to PLA was achieved under the optimized condition, i.e., 20 g·L^(-1) glucose, 270 g·L^(-1) cells, 13 g·L^(-1) PPA, pH 8.0 and the reaction time of 15 h, indicating that Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 was an interesting strain for the biosynthesis of PLA via the microbial transformation. The prediction of PLA yield under different conditions was achieved successfully based on the limited information of only a small number of experiments by the uniform design with overlay sampling. Therefore, the present methodology is effective and helpful for the optimization of the biosynthesis processes of PLA.

摘要：弯曲形偶氮苯液晶由于其偶氮键独特的光致可逆异构化性能,已成为光电子信息材料研究的热门课题,但光响应速度慢已成为制约其发展的关键因素.目前报道的弯曲型偶氮类液晶化合物的偶氮键都距离中心核较远的位置,光致异构的响应时间较长,大都在分钟以上,不利于光敏器件应用研究.本工作试图以2-甲基-1,3-间苯二胺为中心核,将偶氮键紧挨中心核两边,末端为直链烷基,设计合成了一系列新型弯曲形双偶氮苯类液晶化合物,以期缩短光响应时间.通过IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR和ICP-MS光谱鉴定这些化合物的分子结构,经差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和偏光显微镜(POM)测定其液晶相变温度和相态织构;并通过测定2-甲基-1,3-双(4-((4-庚基苯基)酯基)-1-(E)-偶氮苯基)苯(2c)的紫外-可见光的吸收光谱研究其光致异构化性能,通过UV-Vis光谱仪和偏光显微镜(POM)测定其液晶化合物以及掺杂向列相液晶材料的光致异构现象和响应时间.实验结果表明,所有设计合成的弯曲形双偶氮苯类液晶化合物均具有近晶相相态,且相态温度范围较宽,当近晶相态化合物2c掺杂到向列相混合液晶中时,其光致异构响应时间为2~3 s,在日光下液晶态恢复时间为3~4s,在乙酸乙酯稀溶液中时10s可达到光稳态.说明这类弯曲形双偶氮液晶化合物具有较快的光致异构响应速度.

摘要：弯曲形液晶以其独特的光电性能倍受关注.但目前所报道的弯曲形液晶化合物因其向列相温度范围较窄,相转化温度高,不利于基础与应用研究,发展缓慢.以2,5-二取代-1,3,4-噻二唑为弯曲中心,二氟亚甲氧基(CF2O)为桥键,直链烷基(n=5~10,12)为末端链基,设计合成了一系列新型弯曲形液晶化合物.所有目标化合物通过IR、1H NMR、13C NMR、9F NMR进行结构表征,并通过差热扫描仪(DSC)和偏光显微镜(POM)对液晶相态进行测定.实验结果表明:所有目标化合物分子,都能呈现较宽的向列相态,最宽达92.74℃(化合物6a);较之结构相当的噁二唑类弯曲液晶化合物,其熔点稍高,液晶相态的温度范围更宽.为进一步设计合成新型宽温向列相弯曲型液晶提供了素材和理论依据.

摘要：以2,5-二取代-1,3,4-噁二唑为中心核,酯基(COO)为桥键,烷基(n=5~9)为末端基团,在单侧苯环侧位上引入氟原子,设计合成了两个系列新型不对称弯曲形液晶化合物9a^9e和10a^10e;并通过IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,19F NMR和MS对其结构进行鉴定,经差热扫描仪(DSC)和偏光显微镜(POM)测定其液晶相态.结果表明:所有目标化合物的分子结构正确,都呈现向列相态,向列相态温度范围最宽达78℃;侧位单氟苯环结构化合物9a^9e的向列相态温度范围没有二氟苯环结构10a^10e的宽,并且化合物9a^9e都呈现奇偶效应.

摘要：平房仓在我国粮食仓储中仍占有十分重要的位置。本文对目前平房仓建设中存在的占地面积大 ,进出仓作业难的问题 ,提出了自己独到的见解。

摘要：阐述核电厂调试阶段的维护专项管理,操作流程,标准化的专项管理模式。核电厂调试期间维护涉及领域广、工作任务多、系统构成和接口复杂。探讨有效解决调试过程中的问题和对策措施。

摘要：采用Adler-Longo法,设计合成了两种系列共8种具有对称结构的中位四取代酯类卟啉化合物,通过~1H NMR,^(13)C NMR,IR对其分子结构进行了表征,通过紫外-可见光谱法(UV)、荧光光谱法(PL)和循环伏安法(CV)对这些化合物的光电性能进行了研究;结果表明,所合成的中位四取代酯类卟啉化合物结构正确,并均具有较高的荧光量子效率、较低的轨道能隙,是一类较好的光致电材料,在有机半导体材料、有机太阳能电池等方面具有潜在的应用前景。

摘要：修井打捞作业中,经常遇到加重杆、铅锤、射孔枪、断抽油杆、螺栓、泵衬套等小件落物的打捞,常规打捞难度大,成功率低。为此,研制了闭窗变径套铣打捞器。该打捞器主要由上接头、筒体、闭窗、套铣头4部分组成。两级闭窗处的齿爪、向上的单向作用是该工具的独特设计,能大量捞取落物;打捞器下端设计有满足切屑作用的较厚铣头,能长时间套铣。现场5口井的应用表明,这种打捞器具有套铣打捞操作简便、适应性强、打捞效果好等优点。

摘要：随着社会的进步,高校石油化工实验室得到飞速的发展,然而其产生的石油化工废液大多并未经过妥善处理就直接排放到周边地区,对周边环境产生了严重影响,所以对高校石油化工实验室产生的石油化工废液的处理显得非常重要,不仅能保护周边环境,而且还能提升资源的利用率。分析了废液的主要成分和废液处理方法,同时对一款能进行废液处理的设备进行了可行性探讨,最后分析了国外石油化工废液处理的发展现状。