摘要：Electrolytes are widely considered as a key component in Li–O;batteries (LOBs) because they greatly affect the discharge-charge reaction kinetics and ***,we report that 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) is an excellent electrolyte solvent for *** with conventional ether and sulfone based electrolytes,it has higher Li_(2)O_(2)and Li_(2)CO_(3)solubility,which on the one hand depresses cathode passivation during discharge,and on the other hand promotes the liquid-phase redox shuttling during charge,and consequently lowers the overpotential and improves the cyclability of the ***,despite the many advantages at the cathode side,DMI is not stable with bare Li ***,we have developed a pretreatment method to grow a protective artificial solid-state electrolyte interface(SEI) to prevent the unfavorable side-reactions on *** SEI film was formed via the reaction between fluorine-rich organic reagents and Li *** is composed of highly Li^(+)-conducting Li_(x)BO_(y),LiF,Li_(x)NO_(y),Li_(3)N particles and some organic compounds,in which Li_(x)BO_(y)serves as a binder to enhance its mechanical *** the protective SEI,the coulombic efficiency of Li plating/stripping in DMI electrolyte increased from 20%to 98.5%and the fixed capacity cycle life of the assembled LOB was elongated to205 rounds,which was almost fivefold of the cycle life in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or tetraglyme(TEGDME) based *** work demonstrates that molecular polarity and ionic solvation structure are the primary issues to be considered when designing high performance Li–O;battery electrolytes,and cross-linked artificial SEI is effective in improving the anodic stability.

摘要：中药外用膏剂大多数具备微生物生长和繁殖的条件而容易受到微生物污染而引起变质,防腐剂可防止或限制微生物生长与繁殖。本文介绍各类防腐剂及其作用机理、防腐剂的安全风险及其评价方法,总结出防腐体系设计应以充分的安全性、抗菌的广泛有效性原则及持久的稳定性等原则,讨论中药外用防腐剂的不足并提出研究展望,以期为今后该领域的研究提供参考。

摘要：桥梁作为重要的基础设施,承担着极其重要的运输和交通作用,对桥梁的健康状况进行实时、准确的监测可以及时发现和预防桥梁安全事故的发生,为桥梁的正常使用提供安全保障。而传统的桥梁变形监测方式往往需要耗费大量的人力、物力和财力,监测周期也往往较长,很难及时发现潜在的安全隐患。为更好地做好桥梁的运营、养护工作,顺应我国桥梁健康监测的发展趋势,通过实例介绍了一种基于高精度北斗卫星定位技术的跨铁路斜拉桥实时变形监测系统,实现了桥梁信息化的智慧管理养护。监测结果分析同时表明:应用北斗卫星定位技术的实时变形监测系统能够达到1~2 mm的解算精度,证实该系统可应用于大中型桥梁的高精度变形监测,具有较大的推广价值。

摘要：A Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 strain isolated from the traditional Chinese pickles was used for the production of 3-phenyllactic acid(PLA), an important compound with antimicrobial activities against a wide species of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria and some fungi. The growth performance of this strain in the de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe(MRS) medium, the production of metabolites of valuable organic acids, and the biosynthesis of PLA using this strain as the whole-cell biocatalyst and phenylpyruvic acid(PPA) as the precursor, were investigated experimentally. The uniform design method with overlay sampling was developed for the optimization of the biotransformation conditions. The results showed that although it produced naturally lactic acid with the maximum concentration of 1.84 g·L^(-1) and PLA with the concentration of 0.015 g·L^(-1) after 66 to 72 h cultivation in MRS broth by fermentation, the present strain displayed an effective utilization ability by transforming PPA to PLA. By the uniform design method with overlay sampling for the design and optimization of transformation conditions, a maximum yield of 10.93 g·L^(-1) PLA with the mole conversion ratio of 83.07% from PPA to PLA was achieved under the optimized condition, i.e., 20 g·L^(-1) glucose, 270 g·L^(-1) cells, 13 g·L^(-1) PPA, pH 8.0 and the reaction time of 15 h, indicating that Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 was an interesting strain for the biosynthesis of PLA via the microbial transformation. The prediction of PLA yield under different conditions was achieved successfully based on the limited information of only a small number of experiments by the uniform design with overlay sampling. Therefore, the present methodology is effective and helpful for the optimization of the biosynthesis processes of PLA.

摘要：为了研制适用于优良牧草栽培的牧草小区播种机,设计制作了牧草小区播种机排种器试验台。该试验台有一专门设计的转动机构和一个可调节的排种环。送种机构中的多个送种杯中的种子可以依次喂入排种系统,且分种锥旋转一周时,一个送种杯内的种子恰好播完。对种子在存种筒内的受力、运动过程和排种口尺寸的关系做了分析。试验台的排种正交试验表明,格盘插片的数量是影响种子分散均匀性变异系数的主要因素。当格盘数目为 12,导流槽个数为 9,并采用高丹草为试验对象时,均匀性变异系数为最小值 16.46%。该文的研究可为牧草小区播种机的研究提供参考。

摘要：传统座舱通过引入各种自动化功能,辅助飞行员完成任务,减小操控负担。随着战场态势变化的日趋繁杂,传统座舱设计辅助飞行员的能力达到了瓶颈,亟需研究总体结构设计改进方法,提升辅助决策能力。深入分析了传统座舱存在的问题,研究了适应新型战机的座舱设计,并综合运用态势评估、故障诊断等技术,以任务为核心,对新一代智能座舱的结构及其辅助决策等级进行了设计,阐述了各系统内部结构及功能,探讨了智能座舱与飞行员之间的关系转变。最后,梳理了相关技术途径,指明了下一步的研究重点。

摘要：在没有位置信息、仅有视觉信息条件下,为实现四旋翼飞行器的高度、速度同时收敛至零的平稳着陆控制,在tau导引策略的基础上,设计了一种抗扰动鲁棒tau控制器,并给出稳定性证明。在整个飞控系统设计中,根据四旋翼的动力学特点,将其分解为外环tau控制器与内环姿态控制器两部分。在由tau控制器的输出提取合力指令以及姿态控制器的姿态指令时,为满足姿态和升降速度的约束要求,进一步设计了指令饱和函数。为提高姿态抗扰动能力,设计了SO(3)滑模姿态控制器。着陆对比仿真验证结果显示,相对于已有的tau控制方法,鲁棒tau控制器具有更好的抗扰动能力和tau跟踪控制精度。

摘要：当前人工智能技术于航空领域的应用存在研究分散、总体设计思想落后的问题,导致无法将各种技术融合以形成一个完整的智能辅助系统来提升飞行员的决策能力。本文首先总结了飞行员的能力限制及座舱功能存在的问题,分析了座舱智能辅助系统的设计需求,在此基础上,重点综述了飞行员助手项目的总体结构及其设计,给出了各分系统的实现方式。最后,梳理了相关内容,指出项目中尚可完善之处,为今后的研究指明方向。

摘要：低共熔溶剂(DES)是由两种或多种物质按一定比例混合而成的低熔点混合溶剂,其熔点显著低于每一个单纯组分的熔点,可被视为一种新的离子液体。与传统有机溶剂相比,DES具有来源广泛、成本低廉、易于制备、毒性低、生物可降解等优点,并已作为一种新型的绿色反应介质被广泛用于萃取分离、无机合成、有机合成和离子凝胶等领域。近年来,DES在高分子合成中的应用也吸引了广泛的研究兴趣。本综述从简述DES及其在有机合成中的应用出发,重点介绍它们用于缩合聚合、自由基聚合、阴离子聚合、电化学聚合、开环聚合和氧化聚合等高分子合成领域的研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行展望。

摘要：针对并行仿真技术下复杂大型工程结构的优化设计问题,将自适应代理模型优化和计算机并行计算技术相结合,提出一种基于约束并行自适应采样的代理模型优化算法。算法的采样方法由局部最小模型预测单加点策略和全局双目标约束多加点策略构成,通过构造约束期望提高函数和样本空间稀疏度函数对样本点进行筛选,使所获得的新样本点兼顾搜索目标函数局部最优区域和开发全局可行边界。通过对比分析测试算例与已有算法表明,该算法具有更好的优化效率、优化精度和稳定性。最后将算法运用于大型钢结构弧形闸门结构的多参数优化,分别采用3种自适应代理模型优化算法与基于静态代理模型的遗传算法进行求解,验证了所提算法的优越性。