摘要：Tissue implant-related infections are among the most serious complications after surgical implantation,including orthopedics and *** with antibacterial ion release systems are efficient and economical antibiotic substitutes to fight against bacterial ***,the excessive amount of released antibacterial ions may cause biological toxicity while killing *** raises a fundamental issue on how to properly control the amounts of ions and their ***,we develop low-dose antibacterial ions-incorporated ferroelectric implants(copper-doped potassium sodium niobate,K0.5Na0.5NbO3-Cu,KNNCu)whose surface potential can be tuned via external *** released Cu2+ions can be targeted to bacteria via endogenous electric field(EEF)between KNNCu implants and negatively charged ***,the antibacterial efficacy of the implants is determined by the amount of Cu^2+ions that reaches bacteria,instead of the total amount of released Cu2+*** amount of Cu2+ions reaching bacteria from the high-surface-potential implant is 2.4 times that from the lowsurface-potential implant within 12 h,resulting in the increased antibacterial ratio from about 65%to 100%,while remaining low cell *** work provides insights into the specific role of the EEF in guiding mass transport between charged materials and living organisms,and a new perspective for the design of high-performance antibacterial biomaterials.

摘要：为了解决东北高寒地区农民生活用能支出费用相对高的问题,提高能源品质,从理论上设计了沼气池和燃池的池容大小,确定了沼气池的发酵温度,配套了沼气锅炉和沼气发电机,解决了农民冬季取暖、照明和炊事用能问题,并在实践上用仪器跟踪测试,以便对理论设计进行检验和修正,最后探索出适合在高寒地区推广的高效小型沼气工程模式。

摘要：综述了低温熔盐铝电解的研究进展。根据原料,将低温铝电解的研究划分为以先获得铝离子及铝的络合离子,再进行电解的传统低温铝电解和将固态Al2O3在低温熔盐中直接电化学还原的新低温铝电解。分析了传统方法电解质组成的改变对电解质物理化学性质的影响。指出了传统低温铝电解氧化铝的溶解度小且溶解速度慢、电解质导电性差以及阴极结壳是实现低温铝电解所要解决的主要问题,分析了新电解方法的缺点和解决手段,提出了今后的研究方向。