摘要：在城市交通不断拥堵的背景下,发展大运量、高效率的公共交通是城市发展的必然选择,而常规公交作为公共交通的主体,是投资少、见效快、最为灵活便捷的公共交通方式之一。本文通过对大城市常规公交线网的研究,提出在轨道交通不断发展下常规公交网络的具体优化方法。并以长春市为例对常规公交线网进行系统分析,提出长春市常规公交线网优化方案、方案评估及相关保障建议,为行业管理部门优化调整常规公交线网提供决策依据。

摘要：Selective coupling of methyl radicals to produce C_(2) species(C2H4 and C2H6)is a key challenge for oxidative coupling of methane(OCM).In traditional OCM reaction systems,homogeneous transformation of methyl radicals in O_(2)‐containing gases are uncontrollable,resulting in limited C_(2) selectivity and ***,we demonstrate that methyl radicals generated by La_(2)O_(3)at low reaction temperature can selectively couple on the surface of 5 wt%Na2WO4/SiO_(2).The controllable surface coupling against overoxidation barely changes the activity of La_(2)O_(3)but boosts the C_(2)selectivity by three times and achieves a C_(2)yield as high as 10.9%at bed temperature of only 570℃.Structure‐property studies suggest that Na_(2)WO_(4) nanoclusters are the active sites for methyl radical *** strong CH_(3)·affinity of these sites can even endow some methane combustion catalysts with OCM *** findings of the surface coupling of methyl radicals open a new direction to develop OCM *** bifunctional OCM catalyst system,which composes of a methane activation center and a CH_(3)·coupling center,may deliver promising OCM performance at reaction temperatures below the ignition temperature of C2H6 and C2H4(~600℃)and is therefore more controllable,safer,and certainly more attractive as an actual process.

摘要：The North China Plain often su ers heavy haze pollution events in the cold season due to the rapid industrial development and urbanization in recent *** the winter of 2015,the megacity cluster of Beijing Tianjin Hebei experienced a seven-day extreme haze pollution episode with peak PM2.5(particulate matter(PM)with an aerodynamic diameter≤2.5μm)concentration of 727μg m *** the in uence of meteorological conditions on pollu-tant evolution,the e ects of varying initial conditions and lateral boundary conditions(LBCs)of the WRF-Chem model on PM2.5 concentration variation were investigated through ensemble methods.A control run(CTRL)and three groups of ensemble experiments(INDE,BDDE,INBDDE)were carried out based on difierent initial conditions and LBCs derived from ERA5 reanalysis data and its 10 ensemble *** CTRL run reproduced the meteorological conditions and the overall life cycle of the haze event reasonably well,but failed to capture the intense oscillation of the instantaneous PM2.5 ***,the ensemble forecasting showed a considerable advantage to some *** with the CTRL run,the root-mean-square error(RMSE)of PM2.5 concentration decreased by 4.33%,6.91%,and 8.44%in INDE,BDDE and INBDDE,respectively,and the RMSE decreases of wind direction(5.19%,8.89%and 9.61%)were the dominant reason for the improvement of PM2.5 concentration in the three ensemble *** on this case,the ensemble scheme seems an e ective method to improve the prediction skill of wind direction and PM2.5 concentration by using the WRF-Chem model.

摘要：目的本研究通过问卷调查方法,深入分析北京地区三级医院医护对驻科药师的实际需求,系统探讨驻科药师在临床工作中的职能定位、职责划分及服务内容,旨在为北京地区驻科药师服务体系的优化与完善提供依据,推动临床药学服务的高质量发展。方法以北京三级医院医护为研究对象,于2024年8月8日至8月15日设计并发放驻科药师需求调查问卷,包括4个维度29个问题,分别为受调研者基本情况、临床科室对于驻科药师接受情况、驻科药师服务需求以及药学服务收费态度,对驻科药师的临床接受现状、临床服务需求种类等情况进行描述。结果共收集北京地区8家三级公立医院医护有效问卷87份。2.3%(2/87)的受调研者所在科室已开展驻科药师工作,在暂未开展驻科药师的科室中,94.1%(80/85)的受调研者认为需要或愿意尝试开展驻科药师工作。一方面,临床医护对于通科(29.8%,39/131)和抗感染专科(25.2%,33/131)的驻科药师需求较大;另一方面,对驻科药师药学服务需求也较为多样,尤其是提供用药咨询(81.7%,67/82)、参加联合查房并给出用药建议(76.8%,63/82)、开展个体化药学监护(75.6%,62/82)等。在已开展或有意愿开展驻科药师工作的医护群体中,72.0%(59/82)的受调研者认为部分药学服务项目应该收费;51.2%(42/82)的受调研者愿意对专职负责所在科室业务工作的驻科药师给予绩效补贴。结论北京地区三级公立医院医护对驻科药师的需求普遍较高,尤其在用药决策支持、个体化精准药学服务等需求迫切。驻科药师模式的推广和发展需要更多的政策支持,医疗机构也应建立完善的驻科药师管理制度和绩效补贴,明确驻科药师权责,发挥专业优势和药师作用,促进医疗质量全面提升。

摘要：中国近代学校工艺美术教育制度化始于清末学制的颁布实施,其中各类实业学堂中图绘类课程的设置是具体体现。此类图绘课程学以致用的办学理念、班级授课制的模式、理论联系实践的教学方法对中国近代学校艺术设计教育发展产生了重要影响,在中国近代美术教育史上具有划时代的意义。

摘要：文章以赵曦的艺术歌曲《对她说》为研究对象,从“诗歌意象的转化”“音高材料的引用”“音高组织的综合”“音乐风格的融合”四个方面做技术分析后提炼其创作特点。在这首作品中,作曲家和诗人的处理既有“共鸣”也有“交错”,音高组织的综合是表现诗歌意象的需要,引用手法是最重要的音乐技术特征,是风格融合的客观条件,是听者和作曲家产生情感共鸣的纽带。

摘要：[Objective] This study aimed to detect the reliability of LAMP method for detecting Listeria monocytogenes in dairy food. [Method] Based on the sequence of hlyA gene encoding listeriolysin O in Listeria monocytogenes, the LAMP method was established for detecting Listeria monocytogenes in dairy food. [Result] The es- tablished LAMP rapid detection method has .high specificity and sensitivity, which are equivalent to those of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The detection re- sults of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy food by established LAMP method were completely consistent with those by bacterial isolation method. [Conclusion] The de- tection results of Listeria monocytogenes by LAMP method can be directly identified by naked eye, so the established LAMP method was suitable for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy food in emergency situations.

摘要：在二十世纪以来的音乐观念中，构成音乐的各要素趋于平等。音色、节奏和织体的地位相对于传统有所“上升”，这同时就意味着旋律及其主导地位的“下降”。主调音乐中，结构匀称、主题凸显、调式调性简明的旋律特征已被淡化，纵横关系上出现了不同调式的复合或调式基础上的高度半音化。而以勋伯格为先驱的无调性音乐旋律，则进一步打破了具体的音乐风格和“可唱可记”的声乐化状态。在“以旋律为灵魂”的复调音乐中，巴赫时代追求线条清晰的审美标准也多少被放弃，旋律的意义甚至被扩展到音响的观念，出现了以里盖蒂为标志、令众多现代作曲家青睐的、由超多声部形成整体性音响的微复调。

摘要：声母和韵母是汉语音节的组成部分,也是我国声乐创作重要的音色基础。当今的创作者从音乐表现出发,对声、韵的语音特质有所发挥。一些兼用汉语与兄弟少数民族语言的声乐作品,其音译词的音素具有突出的音色美感,经过作曲技术的结合处理之后,在作品中起到渲染情绪、塑造音响、传达语义、符号象征和完善曲式结构的作用。声乐作品中的衬词不仅多样而且富于包容性,但如何更加准确地进行记录也是创作中需要关注和解决的问题。

摘要：在声乐创作中,语言要素的音高特征在不同程度上关系到音乐旋律的音高处理。将普通话或方言的声调规律作为人声音调写作的基础,已成为中国现当代声乐创作中的共识。而对吟诵因素的吸收、民间音乐的借鉴、声调与音调特征的权衡取舍以及处理音调所呈现的审美观念,都反映着当今中国作曲家对于母语文化的理解、表达和创造性延续。