摘要：Marine biofouling is a major issue deteriorating the service performance and lifespan of marine *** development of a durable,long-term,and environment-friendly antifouling coating is therefore of significant importance but still a critical challenge in maritime ***,we developed a Cu-Ti composite antifouling coating with micron-sized alternating laminated-structure of Cu/Ti by plasma spraying of mechanically mixed Cu/Ti *** coating was designed to enable controlled release of Cu ions through galvanic dissolution of Cu laminates from the Cu/Ti micro-galvanic cell in aqueous *** showed that remarkable antifouling efficiency against bacterial survival and adhesion up to~100%was achieved for the Cu-Ti ***/Ti micro-galvanic cell was in-situ formed within Cu-Ti coating and responsible for its Cu ions *** successive dissolution of Cu laminates resulted in the formation of micro-channels under Ti laminates near surface,which contributed to controlled slow Cu ions release and self-polishing ***,environment-friendly antifouling capability and∼200%longer antifouling lifetime than that of the conventional organic antifouling coatings can be achieved for the Cu-Ti *** the other hand,as compared to the conventional organic antifouling coatings,the Cu-Ti composite coating presented much higher mechanical durability due to its strong adhesion strength,excellent mechanical properties,and two orders lower wear *** present laminated Cu-Ti coating exhibits combination of outstanding antifouling performance and high mechanical durability,which makes this coating very potentially candidates in marine antifouling application.

摘要：Cu-based catalysts are the most promising candidates for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction(CO_(2)RR)to multi-carbon(C_(2))*** the C-C coupling process,the rate-determining step for C_(2)product generation,is an important strategy to improve the production and selectivity of the C_(2)*** this study,we determined that the local electric field can promote the C-C coupling reaction and enhance CO_(2)electroreduction to C_(2)***,finite-element simulations indicated that the high curvature of the Cu nanoneedles results in a large local electric field on their *** functional theory(DFT)calculations proved that a large electric field can promote C-C *** by this prediction,we prepared a series of Cu catalysts with different *** Cu nanoneedles(NNs)exhibited the largest number of curvatures,followed by the Cu nanorods(NRs),and Cu nanoparticles(NPs).The Cu NNs contained the highest concentration of adsorbed K+,which resulted in the highest local electric field on the *** adsorption sensor tests indicated that the Cu NNs exhibited the strongest CO adsorption ability,and in-situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)showed the strongest*COCO and*CO signals for the Cu *** experimental results demonstrate that high-curvature nanoneedles can induce a large local electric field,thus promoting C-C *** a result,the Cu NNs show a maximum FEC_(2)of 44%for CO_(2)RR at a low potential(-0.6 V ***),which is approximately 2.2 times that of the Cu *** work provides an effective strategy for enhancing the production of multi-carbon products during CO_(2)RR.

摘要：Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising strategy for the utilization of CO2 and intermittent excess *** is the only single metal catalyst that can electrochemically convert CO2 into multicarbon ***,Cu exhibits an unfavorable activity and selectivity for the generation of C2 products because of the insufficient amount of CO*provided for the C‐C *** on the strong CO2 adsorption and ultrafast reaction kinetics of CO*formation on Pd,an intimate CuPd(100)interface was designed to lower the intermediate reaction barriers and improve the efficiency of C2 product *** functional theory(DFT)calculations showed that the CuPd(100)interface enhanced the CO2 adsorption and decreased the CO2*hydrogenation energy barrier,which was beneficial for the C‐C *** potential‐determining step(PDS)barrier of CO2 to C2 products on the CuPd(100)interface was 0.61 eV,which was lower than that on Cu(100)(0.72 eV).Encouraged by the DFT calculation results,the CuPd(100)interface catalyst was prepared by a facile chemical solution method and characterized by transmission electron ***2 temperature‐programmed desorption and gas sensor experiments further confirmed the enhancement of the CO2 adsorption and CO2*hydrogenation ability of the CuPd(100)interface ***,the obtained CuPd(100)interface catalyst exhibited a C2 Faradaic efficiency of 50.3%±1.2%at‒1.4 VRHE in 0.1 M KHCO3,which was 2.1 times higher than that of the Cu catalyst(23.6%±1.5%).This study provides the basis for the rational design of Cu‐based electrocatalysts for the generation of multicarbon products by fine‐tuning the intermediate reaction barriers.

摘要：机械系统中,铰接处接触力受铰间间隙量大小、运动副各部件的材料属性、运动过程中的接触状态等因素的影响,表现出很强的非线性。传统的间隙铰摩擦理论模型主要关注对摩擦现象描述的普适性,而难以精确地描述摩擦过程中摩擦力的非线性特征。基于物理样机试验获得的数据,使用深度学习方法建立了间隙铰非线性接触力神经网络模型,通过摩擦试验生成接触摩擦力数据集,结合旋转铰间隙接触碰撞力混合模型生成接触碰撞力数据集,对模型进行训练和测试,得到了旋转间隙铰的神经网络动力学模型。在此基础上,结合拉格朗日方程对含间隙铰的曲柄滑块机构进行建模,建立了“多刚体系统-间隙铰-多刚体系统”的动力学模型,通过仿真分析得到系统关键参数的动力学响应,并与物理试验结果进行了对比,验证了基于深度学习方法获得的间隙铰模型的正确性,为深度学习方法在非线性系统动力学建模方向上的应用提供了一个可行的思路。

摘要：基于文本的行人检索任务旨在以文本为查询在大规模数据库中检索出目标行人的图像,在处理社会公共安全问题中具有较高的实用价值.不同于常规的跨模态检索任务,该任务中所有的类别都是行人,不同行人之间的外观差异较小,难以辨别;此外由于拍摄条件的限制图像质量通常较差,因此如何有效地提取更鲁棒、更具有判别性的视觉特征是该任务的一项重要挑战.为了应对这一挑战,设计了一种基于自监督学习的文本行人检索算法,以多任务学习的形式将自监督学习与基于文本的行人检索任务相结合,对两种任务同时进行训练,共享模型参数.其中,自监督任务作为辅助任务,旨在为行人检索任务学习到更鲁棒、更具有判别性的视觉特征.具体来说,首先提取视觉和文本特征,并以图像修复作为自监督任务,旨在学习更丰富的语义信息,且对遮挡数据具有更好的鲁棒性;基于行人图像的特殊性,进一步设计了一种镜像翻转预测任务,通过训练网络预测图像是否经过了镜像翻转学习具有判别性的细节信息,以帮助行人检索任务更好地区分难分样本.在公开数据集上进行的大量实验证明了该算法的先进性和有效性,将行人检索的Top-1准确率提升了2.77%,并且实验结果显示两种自监督任务存在一定的互补性,同时使用可以实现更好的检索性能.

摘要：针对起步工况以及车辆本身动力学特性的复杂性,设计了基于鲁棒模糊神经网络控制的双离合器式自动变速器起步滑摩过程的鲁棒自适应控制器。在整个双离合器式自动变速器控制系统框架中,所设计的控制器属于中间层控制器。通过跟踪目标发动机转速以及由目标冲击度推导得到的车辆目标起步速度,得到发动机的目标力矩以及离合器的目标传递力矩。Matlab/Simulink环境下的特定工况仿真结果表明,和普通的PID控制器相比,RAFNC控制器具有更好的跟踪效果。

摘要：采用超高分子质量的异丁烯醇聚氧乙烯醚(HPEG8000)为大单体,烯丙基三甲基氯化铵为功能单体,经自由基溶液聚合合成了一种高效抗泥型聚羧酸系减水剂(PCE-GKN)。通过红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱对减水剂进行了结构表征,并通过胶砂和混凝土试验考察了其抗泥效果。结果表明,所制备PCE-GKN的结构与设计结构相符,并具有较高的分子质量,抗泥效果明显优于常规减水型聚羧酸减水剂(PCE-JS)。

摘要：跨介质运动物体具备能够适应多种流体介质环境的突出优势,但由于受自由面及流体影响,力学环境复杂,其运动特性难以预测。附加质量法是工程上解决物体与流体耦合问题的常用方法,但现有的附加质量结论无法直接推广到带自由面问题的跨介质过程。针对跨介质过程的时变附加质量问题,提出了一种新的求解方法,研究了不同浸深时某柱体外形跨介质过程中出水阶段和入水阶段的附加质量变化规律。结论表明:出水阶段和入水阶段的附加质量随浸深的变化趋势一致,曲线相似;相同浸深状态时出水阶段和入水阶段的法向附加质量相近,线性特征明显;相同浸深状态时出水阶段和入水阶段的轴向附加质量、附加转动惯量和附加静距差距明显,2个过程不可逆。本文所提出的方法可为各类跨介质结构体设计提供技术支持,也可推广至其他带自由面问题的附加质量求解中。

摘要：劳动教育可以树德、增智、健体、育美,劳动育人是"五育并举"培养担当民族复兴大任的时代新人的重要支撑。高质量开展职业院校劳动教育工作,准确把握新时代职业院校劳动教育的价值蕴含与逻辑演进,系统思考职业院校劳动教育方面仍存在的设计碎片化、实践浅层化、评价简单化等问题,优化职业院校劳动教育顶层设计,实施劳动教育能力提升计划,丰富劳动教育形式,健全劳动教育评价体系,全面推进新时代职业院校劳动教育落实落地。

摘要：针对跨介质航行器水空跨越问题,设计了一种双层四旋翼布局的跨介质航行器,并对其水空跨越机理进行了分析。考虑跨越过程中航行器参数的变化和外部扰动,建立了水空跨越过程的动力学模型;针对水空跨越过程中受力复杂以及传统PID方法控制航行器极易跨越失败的问题,设计了基于RBF神经网络实时整定参数的PID控制器,并对航行器快速出水和缓慢反复出入水过程进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器能够实现航行器反复水空跨越,在姿态角控制上较传统PID控制器有更好的鲁棒性。