摘要：Fe/N/C material is the most competitive alternative to precious-metal catalysts for oxygen *** view of the present consensus on active centers,further effort is directed at maximizing the density of single Fe ***,the imperfections in commonly used doping strategy of Fe for the synthesis of zeolitic imidazolateframework(ZIF)-derived Fe/N/C catalysts are *** importantly,a strikingly improved catalyst is obtained by a‘second pyrolysis’method and delivers a half-wave potential of 0.825 V(***)in acidic *** strong confinement effect of carbonaceous host accounts for the formation of dense single-atom sites and thus the high *** findings will potentially facilitate future improvement of M/N/C catalysts.

摘要：Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are considered ideal energy‐conversion devices because of their environmentally friendly nature and high theoretical energy ***,cathodic polarization,which is a result of the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics,is a significant source of energy loss and reduces fuel cell ***,the need to use Pt in commercial Pt/C cathodes has restricted their large‐scale application in fuel cells because of its high cost and poor ***,improvements in the activity and durability of Pt‐based catalyst are required to reduce the amount of Pt required and,thus,costs,while increasing the ORR rate and fuel cell power density and promoting widespread PEMFC *** recent years,atomically ordered Pt‐based intermetallic nanocrystals have received tremendous attention owing to their excellent activity and stability for the ***,in this review,we first introduce the formation of intermetallic compounds from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics to lay a theoretical foundation for the design of these *** addition,optimization strategies for Pt‐based ordered intermetallic catalysts are summarized in terms of the catalyst composition,size,and ***,we conclude with a discussion of the current challenges and future prospects of Pt‐based ordered *** review is designed to help readers gain insights into the recent developments in and rational design of Pt‐based intermetallic nanocrystals for the ORR and encourage research that will enable the commercialization of PEMFCs.

摘要：儿童的成长一直是父母关注的重点，儿童益智玩具也是未来玩具市场重要部分，本文以多元智能理论为驱动，梳理儿童益智玩具设计的设计原则，即针对性、趣味性、安全性。在这三大原则指导下，提出儿童益智玩具的表现方式，指出产品应具有多感官综合体验、模拟情境交互的特点。最后通过设计实验进行理论验证，为儿童益智玩具领域提供理论支持和实践参考。

摘要：实现质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的商业化应用亟需开发出低成本的高效氧还原(ORR)电催化剂以替代昂贵的Pt基材料.过去十余年,研究人员对由M-Nx活性位点和富缺陷碳质基底组成的热解M-N-C基单原子催化剂进行了深入的研究,以期进一步提高催化剂的性能并降低成本.其中,Fe-N-C基单原子催化剂表现出了较好的催化性能和巨大的应用潜力.近年来人们发现,在单原子催化剂中引入另一种金属原子组成的双原子催化剂具有特殊的几何构型和电子结构,有利于反应过程中原子间相互作用,使催化性能进一步提高.其中,在Fe-N-C基催化剂中引入另一种金属原子组成的Fe-M-N-C双原子催化剂(M代表金属)可以进一步激发Fe-N-C催化剂的本征活性,相关研究也吸引了越来越多的关注.本文综述了Fe-M-N-C基双原子催化剂催化ORR过程的研究进展.首先,讨论了双原子催化剂催化ORR的机制,其中引入的第二种金属原子通过协同和/或调制效应发挥作用.其后,系统总结了Fe-M-N-C的合成方法、表征技术和计算方法,以进一步推动双原子催化剂的研究.再后,根据金属原子之间的相互作用,将双原子催化剂分为Marriage型和Conjunct型.最后,结合双原子位点的原子构型详细讨论了不同双原子催化剂的作用机制:包括提供额外催化位点、改变吸附构型、调节电子结构等.本文还对Fe-M-N-C基双原子催化剂面临的主要挑战和发展机遇进行了总结,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.一些关键的发展方向应该得到充分的关注和发展,包括Fe基双原子位点的精准合成、双原子位点的可靠识别、对催化机理的深入认识、Fe基催化剂在酸性环境中的稳定性以及具有最佳活性的双原子位点构型.综上,本文对Fe-M-N-C基双原子催化剂研究现状进行了系统的总结,希望为未来理性设计催化剂提供一定的参考.

摘要：Cathode catalyst layers （CLs） with varying ionomer （Nation） contents were prepared and the direct methanol fuel cell structure and catalytic behavior were investigated as a function of ionomer content. CL roughness and thickness increased with increasing Nation content. Contact angle measurements determined that CL hydrophilicity also increased as a function of Nation content. Poor bonding between the CL, microporous layer, and the proton exchange membrane was obtained when the ionomer content was too low. The electrochemical surface areas （ESAs） were found to increase with increasing Nation content before reaching an asymptote at elevated loading levels. However, upon increasing the ionomer content above 30 wt.%, the water and oxygen mass transler properties were difficult to control. Considering the above conditions, N30 （：30 wt.% Nation） was found to be the optimal level to effectively extend the three-phase boundaries and enhance cell performance.

摘要：氧还原反应(ORR)是燃料电池能量转换的关键步骤,开发高性能低成本的催化剂以替代铂族贵金属是推动燃料电池商业化的重要途径。本文综述了质子交换膜燃料电池非贵金属M-N_(x)/C型催化剂的最新研究进展,概括了氧还原反应的基础理论,系统展示了先进表征技术对活性位点鉴定和反应机理研究的作用,总结了M-N_(x)/C型催化剂近年来的代表工作和活性突破,阐述了稳定性问题的根源及对应的方案策略,我们认为M-N_(x)/C型催化剂未来的发展方向是理性设计具高位点密度和高稳定性的催化剂。

摘要：现代数字化技术和手段用于工业设计,对传统的设计观念和方法产生了很大的冲击。本文从数字化工业设计美学产生的必然性及背景研究入手,从而探讨将工业设计置于数字化环境中重新解构,使之回归设计的本质。从数字化设计技术、艺术及数字化设计媒体等三方面,探讨了数字化工业设计美学及其特性。从曲面的处理及体面关系的复杂化等两方面,研究了数字技术与产品造型的关系。

摘要：“海上丝路文化”是中国古代海上丝绸之路的文化源头,合浦汉代文化博物馆是中国首个以海上丝路为主题的综合性博物馆,是集展示、教育、服务为一体的国家级综合性文化遗产类博物馆,是汉代海上丝路的重要展示场所。文章分析海上丝路中合浦这一站点的地位和重要性,以及该博物馆开发趣味文创的必要性、可行性,探讨如何对“合浦汉代文化博物馆”进行文创设计,研究提出趣味化、互动化的设计方案,以此来促进对汉代海上丝路、丝路合浦站点的文化传承。

摘要：对于规划中的电网线路,通过三维激光扫描测量技术采集和处理的规划沿线数据,为电力线路优化、外业勘测、设计施工提供数据支持与指导。对于已建设电网线路,利用三维激光扫描测量技术采集和处理的电网沿线数据,可以恢复电线实际形状,自动测量电线到地面的距离和相邻电线间距,计算垂曲度、跨度等,实现危险点预警,以便及时调整与维修线路。

摘要：玩具作为陪伴儿童较长时间的产品,是对儿童寓教于乐合适的载体之一。为完善儿童玩具的趣味性与功能性,本文基于行为引导相关理论,分析现有产品存在的不足。探究行为理论在设计中应用的设计策略,建立可实践的引导路径,结合儿童引导性玩具的设计原则,在设计过程中丰富儿童玩具的互动性,对促进儿童身心发展和行为习惯的养成具有积极意义。将设计策略具体应用于设计,使设计的玩具产品具备引导性质,从而对儿童的行为产生导向作用,达到培养儿童行为习惯与能力的目的,提升儿童玩具产品的附加价值。