摘要：Paper devices have recently attracted considerable attention as a class of cost-effective cell culture substrates for various biomedical *** paper biomaterial can be used to partially mimic the in vivo cell microenvironments mainly due to its natural three-dimensional *** paper-based devices provide precise control over their structures as well as cell distributions,allowing recapitulation of certain interactions between the cells and the extracellular *** features have shown great potential for the development of normal and diseased human tissue *** this review,we discuss the fabrication of paper-based devices for in vitro tissue modeling,as well as the applications of these devices toward drug screening and personalized *** is believed that paper as a biomaterial will play an essential role in the field of tissue model engineering due to its unique performances,such as good biocompatibility,eco-friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and amenability to various biodesign and manufacturing needs.

摘要：Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is characterized by heterogeneous mutations and a refractory ***,the development of a model for effective drug screening is urgently *** the established therapeutic testing models for CCA are often ineffective,we fabricated an enabling three-dimensional(3D)-bioprinted CCA-on-a-chip model that to a good extent resembled the multicellular microenvironment and the anatomical microstructure of the hepato-vascular-biliary system to perform high-content antitumor drug ***,cholangiocytes,hepatocytes,and vascular endotheliocytes were employed for 3D bioprinting of the models,allowing for a high degree of spatial and tube-like microstructural ***,it was possible to observe CCA cells attached to the surfaces of the gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogelembedded microchannels and overgrown in a thickening manner,generating bile duct stenosis,which was expected to be analogous to the in vivo *** 4000 differentially expressed genes were detected in the CCA cells in our 3D coculture model compared to the traditional two-dimensional(2D)*** screening revealed that the CCA cells grown in the 3D traditional model were more sensitive to the antitumoral prodrug than those in the 2D monoculture due to drug biotransformation by the neighboring functional *** study provides proof-of-concept validation of our bioprinted CCA-on-a-chip as a promising drug screening model for CCA treatment and paves the way for potential personalized medicine strategies for CCA patients in the future.

摘要：为了提高铁路桥墩及基础批量化设计中桥墩外力及变形的计算精度,解决复杂墩形的外力及墩顶位移等设计指标的高效精准求解难题,研制了适用于计算任意横截面、沿墩高形变的铁路桥墩通用计算平台,构建一套基于任意截面形变单元加载技术为核心的铁路桥墩仿真计算方法。该方法的关键步骤有:1)通过自定义任意桥墩截面输入格式及基于泊松方程的有限元网格剖分求解方法,搭建任意截面几何特性计算功能;2)通过基于力的平衡及余能定理、卡氏第二定理,推导形变刚度矩阵,利用结构力学法得到等效节点荷载,进而建立形变单元加载算法;3)通过自定义温度场,并引入初轴力、初弯矩概念,然后基于单元力学平衡关系,得到形变单元的等效温度节点力,从而创建温度效应的初载法;4)据此编制完成铁路桥墩通用计算平台,并分别采用商业有限元软件Midas对(60+100+60)m高铁连续梁桥墩地震力、采用Abaqus对圆端形形变构件空心墩温度作用墩顶位移进行验证。研究结果表明:平台的地震力计算结果与Midas的最大误差为0.18%,表明形变刚度及任意截面几何特性计算功能满足工程精度要求;温度作用下,当墩高超过21 m时,平台计算墩顶位移与Abaqus的最大误差为0.52%,误差随墩高增加而减小,表明温度效应的初载法准确度高。研究成果可为研制相同类型铁路桥墩设计仿真平台提供一种精度高且技术路线可行的简便方法。

摘要：软土的蠕变特性会削弱土拱效应,导致作用在隧道结构的土压荷载及隧道变形随时间发生变化。文章考虑软土的粘滞性,选取时间硬化法则与Druker-Prager屈服准则耦合的蠕变模型,结合上海地区软粘土的室内三轴流变试验数据,采用数值分析软件ABAQUS建立有限元模型,分析软土蠕变特性对隧道-地层接触压力的影响以及隧道的变形与内力等随时间的变化规律,并进一步探讨软土蠕变对土拱效应以及隧道长期受力性能的影响,研究结果对软土隧道设计中长期荷载的合理取值具有重要意义。

摘要：以一座9层钢支撑框架结构作为研究对象,采用新一代基于性能的抗震评价理论对其进行了地震损失风险分析,讨论了由商业办公、零售、酒店公寓3种不同主流业态的7个建筑组合方案的地震损失差异。同时,基于遗传算法提出考虑地震损失风险和决策者主观意愿的最优业态组合决策方法。结果表明:该建筑结构的倒塌风险较低,50年内倒塌概率约为0.64%。选择不同业态组合方案明显影响建筑地震损失,最大相对损失差距约为20%。

摘要：BIM技术的应用推广为装配式建筑设计、生产、施工等生命期各阶段信息交流提供新的方法,装配式建筑与BIM集成领域相关研究成为当前热点,深受国内学者关注。为了更好地了解该领域的研究情况,本研究以中国知网(CNKI)数据库期刊文献为数据源,运用文献计量分析法对期刊数据进行处理分析,采用Citespace软件绘制知识图谱、Ucinet软件进行社会网络图及中心度计算,分析该领域的研究热点与发展前沿。结果表明:当前的研究热点侧重于深化设计、质量管理、施工管理等方向,建筑信息化程度不断深入,未来将以精益建造及智慧建造发展理念结合,推动建筑信息化发展。

摘要：国内的照明设计标准主要是基于水平面的照度评价室内空间亮度,但是仅采用水平面照度而忽视三维立体空间的亮度进行评价,不能真实反映室内空间的亮度。为此,日本松下电器公司和日本高校研究人员共同提出了空间明亮度评价标准(Spatial Brightness Evaluation Standard,FEU),一种用于评价室内建筑立体空间明亮感的新方法。本文采用FEU评价标准并结合《建筑照明设计标准》(GB 50034—2013),为典型的写字楼大堂设计了三种不同立体空间亮度的照明方案,并进行了方案的对比分析。结果表明,写字楼大堂的照明设计融合水平面照明与立面照明方法,营造出视觉感更舒适的立体空间光环境。使用LED线性天花洗墙灯对立面呈现的灯光效果更为均匀,统一眩光值(Unified Glare Rating,UGR)保持在较低数值,可为写字楼大堂打造一个更愉悦舒适的视觉氛围环境。采用可靠的调光系统设计符合需求的照明场景,可实现照明节能52.27%。立体空间的照明设计方法是一种先进的现代化写字楼大堂的照明设计方法,丰富了《照明设计》课程的教学内容,提高了教学效果。