摘要：Design is a goal-oriented planning activity for creating products,processes,and systems with desired functions through *** is a decision-making exploration:the design outcome may vary greatly depending on the designer’s knowledge and *** design is one type of design philosophy that takes an interdisciplinary and holistic *** civil engineering,structural design is such an activity for creating buildings and ***,structural design in many countries has emphasized a performance-based philosophy that simultaneously considers a structure’s safety,durability,serviceability,and ***,integrated design in civil engineering has become more popular,useful,and ***-oriented integrated design and construction of structures(MIDcS)combine materials engineering and structural engineering in the design stage:it fully utilizes the strengths of materials by selecting the most suitable structural forms and construction *** paper will explore real-world examples of MIDcS,including the realization of MIDcS in timber seismic-resistant structures,masonry arch structures,long-span steel bridges,prefabricated/on-site extruded light-weight steel structures,fiber-reinforced cementitious composites structures,and fiber-reinforced polymer bridge ***,advanced material design methods such as bioinspired design and structure construction technology of additive manufacturing are briefly reviewed and discussed to demonstrate how MIDcS can combine materials and structures.A unified strengthdurability design theory is also introduced,which is a human-centric,interdisciplinary,and holistic approach to the description and development of any civil infrastructure and includes all processes directly involved in the life cycle of the ***,this paper lays out future research directions for further development in the field.

摘要：Advances in biomimetic three-dimensional(3D) melanoma models have brought new prospects of drug screening and disease modeling, since their physiological relevancy for recapitulating in vivo tumor architectures is more accurate than traditional two-dimensional(2D) cell culture. Gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA) is widely used as a tissue-engineered scaffold hydrogel for 3D cell culture. In the present study, an in vitro 3D malignant melanoma model based on Gel MA was fabricated to evaluate the efficiency of hypericin(Hy)-loaded microemulsion(ME) in photodynamic therapy against melanoma. The ME was produced by the spontaneous emulsification method to enhance the bioavailability of Hy at tumor sites. Hy-loaded MEs were applied to a 3D malignant melanoma model made using 6% Gel MA and the co-culture of B16F10 and Balb/c 3T3 cells,followed by crosslinking using violet light(403 nm). The observation revealed excellent cell viability and the presence of F-actin cytoskeleton network. Hy-loaded MEs exhibited higher phototoxicity and cell accumulation(about threefold) than free Hy, and the cells cultured in the 3D system displayed lower susceptibility(about 2.5-fold) than those in 2D *** findings indicate that the developed MEs are potential delivery carriers for Hy;furthermore, Gel MA hydrogel-based modeling in polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) molds is a user-friendly and cost-effective in vitro platform to investigate drug penetration and provide a basis for evaluating nanocarrier efficiency for skin cancer and other skin-related diseases.

摘要：Suitable optimization and simulation were performed using a powerful software package with a mature database as well as modem measurement facilities, which led to the successful designing and manufacturing of advanced steels. In the course of designing, the composition of a large section of prehardened mold steel for plastics was estimated so as to lower the quantities of oxide inclusions to change the type of carbides and to raise the machinability. The composition and process were adjusted to obtain satisfactory surface quality for the prevailing galvanization in transformation-induced plasticity （TRIP） steel. The refuting process of low-carbon steel was simulated in the light of both Thermo-calc and Factsage. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses were always conducted during the test and the procedure.

摘要：Role based access control is one of the widely used access control *** are investigations in the literature that use knowledge representation mechanisms such as formal concept analysis(FcA),description logics,and Ontology for representing access control ***,while using FcA,investigations reported in the literature so far work on the logic that transforms the three dimensional access control matrix into dyadic formal *** transformation is mainly to derive the formal concepts,lattice structure and implications to represent role hierarchy and constraints of *** this work,we propose a methodology that models RBAc using triadic FcA without transforming the triadic access control matrix into dyadic formal *** discussion is on two lines of *** present how triadic FcA can provide a suitable representation of RBAc policy and we demonstrate how this representation follows role hierarchy and constraints of RBAc on sample healthcare network available in the literature.

摘要：为帮助产品开发团队在设计产品族的过程中,可以交互选择多种目标的优化方案,提出了产品族设计的多目标优化模型,并设计了多目标遗传算法对模型进行求解。建模过程中考虑了市场分割、产品效用、竞争产品、顾客购买行为、产品开发费用等因素。通过一个应用案例,验证了所提模型和方法的可行性。

摘要：A new type of transformation induced plasticity （TRIP） steel with not only high strength and high ductility but also superior welding and galvanizing properties was designed and developed recently. Low carbon and low silicon content were preliminarily selected with the aim of meeting the requirements of superior quality in both welding and galvanizing. Phosphorus was chosen as one of the alloying elements, because it could reduce carbon activity in cementite and increase the stability of austenite. In addition, the possibility of phosphorus segregating at grain boundary was also discussed by thermodynamics as well as kinetics. Phase diagram was estimated at high temperature and the composition of the steel was then selected in the hyperperitectic range to avoid problems, which might occur in sheet steel continuous casting. Phase diagram in the *** temperature was estimated for the steel to obtain the starting temperature of fast cooling. For understanding the minimum rate of fast cooling, pearlite growth kinetics was calculated with self-developed diffusion coefficients of elements in grain boundary. Overaging temperature was determined through the calculation of To temperature by both equilibrium and para-equilibrium assumptions, which was different from the current determination, which is only based on an equilibrium estimation.

摘要：绿色设计和绿色制造是制造业实施可持续发展的关键技术。在绿色产品设计开发过程中采用模块化技术 ,易于增加产品的材料相容性、可维护性、可拆卸及可回收性等。总结了模块化方法在产品绿色设计中的应用特点 ,考虑环境问题应引进的模块 ,产品实施模块化中应主要考虑的环境目标等 ;提出了一种应用于离散型机电产品多目标模块化分析的初步框架 ,对利用模糊图论和 AHP方法解决机电产品绿色设计决策的多目标。

摘要：A new design technique for the long life hot forging die has been proposed. By finite element analysis, the reason .for the failure of hot forging die was analyzed and it was concluded that thermal stress is the main reason for the failure of hot forging die. Based on this conclusion, the whole hot forging die was divided into the substrate part and the heat-resistant part according to the thermal stress distribution. Moreover, the heat-resistant part was further subdivided into more zones and the material of each zone was reasonably selected to ensure that the hot forging die can work in an elastic state. When compared with the existing techniques, this design can greatly increase the service life because the use of multi-materials can alleviate the thermal stress in hot forging die.

摘要：Π形截面大跨度桥梁极易发生涡激振动,工程中常通过增设风嘴进行抑振,然而风嘴参数选择及抑振效果高度依赖经验或枚举试算,效率低下。为此,基于WOA-GRNN代理模型对Π形截面梁在多参数设计空间内的气动外形优化问题进行了研究。首先,选取风嘴长度、纵深和风攻角,构成多参数设计空间;其次,采用最优拉丁超立方抽样和Sculptor?网格变形驱动技术获取设计空间初始代表点集及其高质量计算网格,通过cFD数值模拟获得训练数据池;然后,建立风嘴设计参数和桥梁涡振响应的WOA-GRNN代理模型,通过数据池训练模型;接着,以某典型Π形截面大跨桥梁为工程背景,利用训练后WOA-GRNN代理模型预测多参数设计空间内的桥梁涡振响应面,通过自适应差分进化算法全域寻优,获得了最优设计参数及涡振响应值;最后,通过风洞试验结果对比验证了所提方法的正确性。研究结果表明:WOA-GRNN代理模型可显著提高桥梁气动外形优化效率;对案例Π形截面梁,最优风嘴气动外形#1的竖弯涡振响应相较于原型断面降低99%,抑振效果极佳。研究成果可为今后同类型Π形截面梁的涡振控制、气动外形优化以及相关研究提供重要参考。

摘要：As an emerging class of crystalline porous materials, covalent organic frameworks（cOFs） have been widely used as catalysts or catalyst supports. Flexible regulation of the pores and easy introduction of functional active sites onto the skeleton of cOFs make them promising platforms for many catalysis applications. However, only a single function is generally observed in these cOFs. Herein, we synthesized a negatively charged ionic cOF（I-cOF） and successfully incorporated functionalized counter ions, that is, metallic Mn2＋ and a coordination complex of manganese（Ⅱ） bipyridine complexes（[Mn（bpy）2]2＋）, via a simple ion exchange process. The resulting I-cOFs can act as effective heterogeneous catalysts for epoxidation reactions. We envisage that with this type of ionic architecture, a variety of other functional cations could be exchanged into the frameworks, thus making the cOF a versatile platform for different applications.