摘要：The hadal zone(ocean depths of 6 – 11 km) is one of the least-understood habitats on Earth because of its extreme conditions such as high pressure, darkness, and low temperature. With the development of deep-sea vehicles such as China's 7000 m manned submersible Jiaolong, abyssal science has received greater attention. For decades, gravity-piston corers have been widely used to collect loose subsea-sediment long-core samples. However, the weight and length of the gravity sampler cables and the operating environment limit sampling capacity at full ocean depths. Therefore, a new self-floating sediment sampler with a spring-loaded auto-trigger release and that incorporates characteristics from traditional gravity-driven samplers is designed. This study analyzes the process by which a gravity-piston corer penetrates the sediment and the factors that affect it. A formula for obtaining the penetration depth is deduced. A method of optimizing the sampling depth is then developed based on structure design and parametric factor modeling. The parameters considered in the modeling include the sampling depth, balance weight, ultimate stress friction coefficient, dimensions of the sampler, and material properties. Thus, a new deep-sea floating parametric sampler designed based on virtual prototyping is proposed. Accurate values for all the design factors are derived from calculations based on the conservation of energy with penetration depth, analyses of the factors affecting the penetration depth, and analyses of the pressure bar stability. Finally, experimental data are used to verify the penetration-depth function and to provide theoretical guidance for the design of sediment samplers.

摘要：With a review of the recent development in digitalization and application of seabed data, this paper systematically proposed methods for integrating seabed data by analyzing its feature based on ORACLE database management system and advanced techniques of spatial data management. We did research on storage structure of seabed data, distributed-integrated database system, standardized spatial database and seabed metadata management system in order to effectively manage and use these seabed information in practical application. Finally, we applied the methods researched and proposed in this paper to build the Bohai Sea engineering geology database that stores engineering geology data and other seabed information from the Bohai Sea area. As a result, the Bohai Sea engineering geology database can effectively integrate huge amount of distributed and complicated seabed data to meet the practical requisition of Bohai Sea en-gineering geology environment exploration and exploitation.

摘要：Based on the ArcGIS geographic information system and the ORACLE database management system,this paper reports our studies on the technology of Marine Engineering Geological Exploration Information System(MEGEIS). By analyzing system structure,designing function modules and discussing data management,this paper systematically proposes a framework of technol-ogy to integrate,manage,and analyze the seabed information comprehensively. Then,the technology is applied to the design and development of the Bohai Sea Oilfield Paradigm Area Information System. The system can not only meet the practical demands of marine resources exploration and exploitation in the Bohai Sea oilfield,but also serve as a preparatory work in theory and technology for the realization of the 'Digital Seabed'.

摘要：病例对照研究属于流行病学中一种分析流行病学的方法,在健康管理研究领域的应用尚待扩展。本文将从病例对照研究的基本原理、目的和用途、特点、类型、设计和实施、常见偏倚及控制等内容展开介绍,结合具体案例分析,以帮助读者充分理解病例对照研究在健康管理研究领域中的应用方法、特点、优势及其局限性,以期更好地开展健康管理领域高质量的科学研究。

摘要：为建立适用于灰分混凝土与月牙纹钢筋的粘结-滑移(τ-s)本构模型,将灰分等量替代水泥质量的0、5%、10%、15%掺入混凝土中,用以制备C20、C30、C40强度等级的灰分混凝土粘结试件。采用中心拔出的方法,获得灰分混凝土与月牙纹钢筋τ_1-s_1曲线;在τ_1-s_1曲线基础上,建立灰分混凝土与3种不同直径(12、16、20 mm)月牙纹钢筋τ-s本构模型;并通过扫描电镜法从微观角度解释不同灰分掺量下灰分混凝土τ_1-s_1曲线的变化原因;最后利用ABAQUS中的spring2单元对中心拔出试验进行仿真模拟以验证该文提出的τ-s本构模型。试验结果表明:灰分混凝土与月牙纹钢筋的粘结破坏模式主要为混凝土劈裂破坏和拔出破坏,劈裂-拔出破坏仅出现在灰分掺量15%、混凝土设计强度等级C20、钢筋直径12 mm的粘结试件中;当灰分掺量为5%时,混凝土微观结构连续密实,粘结性能最优,灰分掺量增至15%,引起混凝土微观形貌由连续密实向疏松多孔转变,导致混凝土劈裂抗拉强度降低52%,灰分混凝土与月牙纹钢筋粘结性能相应减弱,τ-s本构模型中形状参数也随掺量的改变而改变。该文提出的τ-s本构模型曲线拟合决定系数为0.94,拟合曲线决定系数方差为0.001,相对于Harajliτ-s本构模型拟合曲线决定系数方差0.002降低了50%,其拟合稳定程度优于Harajliτ-s本构模型。

摘要：大庆区块S站储气库砂岩气藏开采近20年,储层产能处于中后期,油藏整体欠压。以常规试气求产方法对储气库井进行试气效果不佳,甚至储层流体无法产出,无法对产能进行合理评价。根据实验区S站和C51储气库气田枯竭特点,通过优化该类型储层“一开一关”或“二开二关”开井方案、求产时间,以及不同级别油嘴下试气求产工作制度,保证了开井求产施工连续性,求取单井产能、原始地层压力,以及不同工作制度下的流压,获得合理的地层参数。SS1井采用敞口控制分离器档板为26 mm试气,气突破及冲刷污染带后产量逐渐上升,最终充分解除井筒附近储层污染,获日产气69034 m^(3)。优化后的大庆储气库试气求产方法为科学合理制定低压污染带储层注采方案提供了依据。

摘要：为了高效精确地对海洋沉积物热导率进行原位探测,针对目前原位探测设备体积大、精度低、操作不便、维护困难等不足,对热脉冲双探针(dual-probe heat-pulse measurement theory,DPHP)热导率快速测量理论,以及该理论中NTC热敏电阻热耗散系数、热时间常数对热导率测量精度的影响进行了研究。在此基础上,设计了一种基于DPHP理论融合热时间常数补偿的海洋沉积物热导率测量系统。运用该探测系统进行了实验测试,测试结果表明,其平均测量速度≤40s,热导率精度可以达到±0.05。测量速度和精度有了较大提高。

摘要：介绍了以补偿脉冲发电机为主体的，电热化学炮分级供电脉冲电源系统的工作原理，建立了补偿脉冲发电机和毛细管非线性电阻模型，模拟计算和毛细管放电试验波形比较，结果表明两者基本吻合。理论模型较好地描述了毛细管电弧放电过程，为补偿脉冲发电机的参数选择和方案设计提供了理论依据。

摘要：对红外测距仪进行性能检测时,需要高精度稳定可调的模拟距离测试值。光纤作为一种理想的距离模拟器件具有稳定性好、精度高等特点,但随着模拟距离的增加其存在体积质量大、便携性和灵活性差等缺点。为弥补光纤延时模拟检测方法的不足,研究了基于电路延时的模拟距离产生方法,设计了模拟回波生成电路和高精度模拟回波延时控制电路,分析了系统的固有延时及误差。采用高精度时间-数字转换器件对模拟检测电路进行了验证,模拟距离控制精度可达±0.5 m,形成了对光纤延时模拟检测方法的有力补充。

摘要：针对车用天窗导轨冲压生产过程中人工操作多、生产效率低和存在安全隐患等问题,设计了由机器人实现导轨上下料与物料姿态转换并结合专用检测装置的天窗导轨自动冲压生产系统。根据天窗导轨生产工艺,确定了系统的布局和工作流程;系统采用PROFINET协议实现主控PLC、机器人、冲压设备和检测设备的通信;设计了检测装置来完成导轨毛坯料和冲压生产过程中的尺寸检测,采用可变位抓取夹具实现工序转换过程中导轨的定位、搬运和翻转等作业功能。经过在企业的实际生产应用,该系统提升了产品的合格率,单位产品耗电量降低32.8%,作业人员减少66.7%。设计方案可同时实现单独运行和连线自动生产功能,通过合理的节拍设计,可提高自动冲压生产的效率并稳定产品的质量。