摘要：通过采用辅助层压板和添加极小弹性模量材料的复合材料加筋壁板有限元建模方法,应用***/NASTRAN的参数化建模与遗传算法相结合的复合材料加筋壁板的两步优化方法,对复合材料T型加筋壁板进行了从2 000 N/mm到6 000 N/mm压缩载荷下的结构优化分析。提出的基于参数化模型和遗传算法的复合材料加筋壁板的两步优化法分为壁板级优化和层压板级优化两部分,在壁板级优化得到最优的结构尺寸参数,在层板级优化得到最优的层压板铺层顺序。

摘要：　目的：观察带楔鞋与硬踝足矫形器联合应用对膝屈曲挛缩脑性瘫痪儿童膝关节伸展能力和平衡功能的影响。方法：实验于2004-02/2006-02在解放军第四军医大学西京医院进行,选择13例膝屈曲挛缩脑性瘫痪儿童,使用硬踝足矫形器和带楔鞋（鞋楔高度为1.0～2.6cm,平均2.4cm）,要求每天使用至少6h以上,连续4周。第1次使用及使用4周后进行测量,观察其穿鞋、使用硬踝足矫形器、使用硬踝足矫形器和带楔鞋3种条件下,站立时膝关节伸展角度（即膝关节最大伸展时与中立位的角度）及站立静态平衡时间变化。结果：13例患者均进入结果分析。①站立时膝关节伸展角度：使用带楔鞋和硬踝足矫形器4周后小于单纯穿鞋[（21±5）°,（27±7）°,P〈0.05]。②站立静态平衡时间：第1次使用和使用4周后,穿带楔鞋和硬踝足矫形器后站立时间长于单纯穿鞋或单纯使用硬踝足矫形器[第1次使用：（78±22）,（23±11）,（38±14）s,P〈0.01;4周后：（129±37）,（27±9）,（50±18）s,P〈0.01]。结论：加楔的设计,使用硬踝足矫形器设计提高了膝屈曲脑性瘫痪患者站立平衡能力,增强了膝关节的伸展能力,为进一步提高行走功能提供了良好的基础条件。

摘要：基于2000-2020年中国农村的基本信息数据,通过物质流分析方法,量化和评估了氮素在中国农村居民生活系统中的输入输出及其环境影响,整理计算得到中国农村生活源氮素流动特征的数据集。该数据集内容包括:2000–2020年中国农村家庭食物、工业日用品和生活燃料消费氮量及其输入路径,活性氮排放特征,NH3挥发,NO_(x)和N_(2)O的来源及其排放量。该数据集存储为.xlsx格式,1个数据文件,数据量为22 KB。

摘要：A novel heatsink based on a multilayer stack of thin metal plates with staggered honeycomb cell microchannels was investigated in this paper. A series of working-parametric tests such as different heat sink pipe diameter and pumping power were conducted for the microchannel cooling system to determine the heat transfer performance under small flow rate conditions. For the double fluid flow inlets and outlets heatsink design, experimental results showed that more uniform substrate temperature distribution was obtained than the single inlet and outlet ones. It showed that the heatsink design provided a good choice for electronic chips cooling applications.

摘要：文章旨在研究过瘤胃γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对热应激奶牛的生长性能和养分消化率的影响,试验为完全随机区组试验设计,将60头荷斯坦奶牛(泌乳期:141±15 d,产奶量:35.9±4.3 kg·d-1,奇偶性:2.0±1.1)随机分为4个处理组,包括:添加GABA 0(对照组)、40、80、120 mg·kg-1干物质。试验共持续10周,在7:00、14:00和22:00的平均温湿度指数分别为78.4、80.2和78.7。随着GABA的浓度的增加,在7:00、14:00和22:00直肠温度呈线性下降。在任何时间点上添加GABA对呼吸速率无显著影响。随着GABA浓度的增加干物质采食量、能量校正产奶量、4%的标准乳和乳脂率线性增加。GABA对乳蛋白和乳糖呈二次方增加,其最大值为40 mg·kg-1。和牛奶中尿素氮浓度呈二次相关。总固形物的含量随GABA浓度增加而增加。添加GABA对产奶量、乳糖、总固形物、乳脂率、体细胞评分和饲料效率无显著影响。各处理组间DM的全消化道表观消化率、有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维无显著差异。研究表明,添加过瘤胃GABA可以通过降低直肠温度,增加采食量来缓解热应激,并且可以增加产奶量,提高乳成分。对热应激奶牛GABA的最适添加量为40mg·kg-1。

摘要：高熵合金是一种新型的合金设计理念,这种合金一般含有5种或5种以上的合金元素,且每种元素含量都相同或者相似。高熵效应抑制了金属间化合物的出现,促使元素间相互混合,最终形成体心立方结构（BCC）或面心立方结构（FCC）等较为简单的结构。

摘要：Refractory alloys such as tungsten and molybdenum based alloys with high strength,thermal/electrical conductivity,low coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent creep resistances are highly desirable for applications in nuclear facilities,critical components in aerospace and defense ***,the serious embrittlement limits the engineering usability of some refractory alloys.A lot of research results indicate that the performances of refractory alloys are closely related to the physical/chemical status,such as the interface dimension,interface type,interface composition of their grain boundaries(GBs),phase boundaries(PBs)and other interface *** paper reviewed the recent progress of simulations and experiments on interface design strategies that achieve high performance refractory *** strategies include GB interface purifying/strengthening,PB interface strengthening and PB/GB synergistic *** details are provided on the design/fabrication strategy such as GB interface controlling,PB interface controlling and synergistic control of multi-scaled *** corresponding performances such as the mechanical property,thermal conductivity,thermal load resistance,thermal stability,irradiation resistance,and oxidation resistance are reviewed in the aspect to the effect of *** addition,the relationships between these interfaces and material properties are ***,future developments and potential new research directions for refractory alloys are proposed.

摘要：背景:MBL基因据认为在人类抗结核(TB)感染天然免疫应答中发挥作用。目的:探讨MBL基因多态性与中国汉族人群结核感染关联的可能性。设计:共有152名男性肺结核病人和293名健康男性对照纳入本研究。联合应用引物序列特异性PCR(PCR-SSP)和序列特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交(PCR-SSOP)方法对MBL基因六个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点(A/B,A/C,A/O,H/L,Y/X和P/Q)进行基因型或单倍体型在病例组和对照组的分布进行比较,并进行非条件logistic回归分析。结果:当单独考虑时,5个位点的基因型和单倍体型与发病均无显著相关。然而,当重新分组后,和YA组相比,编码低水平MBL的XB单倍体组在病例组中有很高的出现频率(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.02-2.41, P<0.05)结论:虽然低水平XB单倍型组在中国汉族人群肺结核感染中为一较弱的危险因素,但MBL多态性和肺结核之间的关联没有观察到令人信服的证据。

摘要：with the ever-pressing issues of global energy demand and environmental pollution,molecular hydrogen has been receiving increasing attention as a clean alternative energy *** hydrogen production,the design and development of high-performance catalysts remains rather *** the compositions and structures of catalyst interfaces have paramount influences on the catalytic performances,the central topic here has always been to design and engineer the interface structures via rational routes so as to boost the activities and stabilities of electrocatalysts on hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here in this review,we focus on the design and preparation of multi-scale catalysts specifically catering to HER *** start from the design and structure-activity relationship of catalytic nanostructures,summarize the research progresses related to HER nanocatalysts,and interpret their high activities from the atomistic perspective;then,we review the studies regarding the design,preparation,HER applications and structure-activity relationship of single-atom site catalysts(SASCs),and thereupon discuss the future directions in designing HER-oriented *** the end of this review,we present an outlook on the development trends and faced challenges of catalysts for electrochemical HER.

摘要：water-spraying is regarded as an effective method to reduce the weight loss of product during vacuum cooling *** study aimed to investigate the effect of vacuum cooling factors on the weight loss of postharvest broccoli,and attempted to optimize the treatment conditions by simulated annealing(SA)*** algorithm based on simulated annealing meta-heuristic technique was developed to identify the optimum condition for vacuum cooling treatment of *** demonstrated that the SA algorithm could adjust well with the simulation of the broccoli cooling *** best condition was at 200 Pa of pressure,274 g broccoli,6% of water volume and 40 min processing *** this condition,a product with only 0.35% of weight loss and 1.48℃ final temperature was *** developed method may help to effectively control the weight loss during vacuum cooling process and reducing the economic loss.