摘要：基于几何光学原理和计算机模拟技术,对旋转三棱镜形成的凹锥透镜进行了深入研究,旨在优化其设计以获得最佳的环形彩虹投影效果.通过详细的光路分析,揭示了彩虹鲜艳度与透镜顶角、边长等参量之间的关系,同时利用TracePro光线模拟软件验证了设计效果,展示了彩虹的光强分布和真彩色图像.通过对出射边和顶角的精细调整,实现了彩虹鲜艳度、亮度和半径的精准控制,为彩虹的应用提供了理论基础和设计指导.

摘要：Optimum design of rider-bicycle mechanisms is very important for customizing bicycles and plays a crucial role in the improvement of athletes' performances and in protection of the *** the birth of the first bicycle,people have been keeping optimizing bicycles with respect to physical conditions of *** modern design,the basic structure of a bicycle has been formulized,while many geographic parameters remain *** this paper,the bicycle and the human body are considered as a kinematic mechanism,called rider-bicycle *** optimum design is implemented from the perspective of ***-saving and comfortableness are considered at the same *** corresponding performance charts are drawn and the relationship between the performances and parameters of seat height,crank length and body parameters are *** using these charts,the optimal design method of bicycle's parameters for a specified person is then *** solutions to get suitable seat height and crank length for a person are obtained *** research is of significance for customizing bicycles and design of bicycle robot.

摘要：A five-axis serial-parallel kinematic milling machine, the SPKM 165, is introduced. This machine consists of a three-degree of-freedom parallel module and a two-degree-of-freedom serial table. The SPKM 165 is capable of five-face machining. A discussion of the inverse kinematics of the five-axis control is provided. A dimensional synthesis procedure is presented in terms of motion/force transmissibility. Finite-element analysis was used to evaluate the stiffness of a CAD model before the machine was manufactured. Kinematic calibration was implemented to improve the accuracy of the end effector. The results of a calibration experiment are presented. The stiffness of the developed machine was then measured. Milling experiments were conducted, and the test piece showed that the developed machine has satisfactory performance.

摘要：Optimal design is one of the most important issues in robots. Since the very beginning, the concepts of the Jacobian matrix, manipulability and condition number, which are used successfully in the field of serial robots, have been applied to parallel robots. Unlike serial robots, parallel robots are good for motion/force transmission. Their performance evaluation and design should be correspondingly dif- ferent. This paper is an attempt to optimally design a novel spatial three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) parallel robot by using the concept of motion/force transmission. Accordingly, three indices are defined. The suggested indices are independent of any coordinate frame and could be applied to the analysis and design of a parallel robot whose singularities can be identified wholly by using the relative angle between the output and adjacent links, and by using the relative angle between the input and adjacent links.

摘要：食品和日化等领域存在大载荷桶装或袋装产品的两移动自由度搬运和装箱作业,降低了机器人自由度要求,但在机器人负载能力上提出了新的挑战。如何在构型综合层面实现机器人从无到有?如何在性能评价层面保障机器人从有到优?上述问题是研发高性能高速并联机器人的两大核心难题。该文围绕高速并联机器人的闭环支链优势特征,提出支链间耦合策略,建立了基于耦合策略的线几何图谱化高速并联机器人构型综合方法,实现了闭环支链型高速并联机器人构型设计;针对所设计的功能相同、结构近似的不同机器人构型,基于功率系数概念提出构型优选指标TSI (type selection index),实现了高速并联机器人的构型优选;根据上述研究指导了样机研发,并开展了实验研究与应用验证,测试表明:所研发的TH-UR2并联机器人具备高速高负载品质,在50 kg负载下其标准行程周期可达1.76 s,满足应用需求。

摘要：在连续体拓扑优化领域中,寻求更好的建模方法和更快的求解算法一直是研究人员的研究重点。为此,针对拓扑优化设计方法中的变密度法进行深入分析。研究和比较各向同性惩罚微结构法(Solid isotropic microstructure with penalization,SIMP)和材料属性有理近似模型(Rational approximation of material properties,RAMP)的优缺点后,建立基于RAMP法的优化模型,并结合导重法求解算法,用于结构拓扑优化领域。详细推导单、多工况的最小柔度拓扑优化的迭代公式,给出导重法各变量的物理定义,并分别对单工况和多工况两个典型算例进行拓扑优化计算。算例结果令人满意,同时表明RAMP插值模型结合导重法求解结构拓扑优化问题具有设计变量少、迭代次数少、收敛速度快、优化效率高的特点,验证了其可行性和高效性。

摘要：机器人机构参数的优化设计是极其复杂的难题，提出用空间模型理论研究这一难题是一个有效的新方法。基于该理论，建立多种典型的并、串联机器人的空间模型，为基于性能评价指标设计机器人机构提供了一种有效而实用的工具，为实现机器人机构的计算机辅助优化设计提供了新的途径，是研究机器人ＣＡＤ新方法的基本理论。

摘要：掘进装备推进机构是掘进装备的重要子系统,需要承受来自作业环境的重载荷、大突变载荷,同时需要传递大推进力,并实现精准的运动和力传递功能。若其刚性不够将难以承受重载荷;若其柔性不足将难以顺应大突变载荷。为解决其在推进过程中刚柔冲突的一对矛盾,保证其快速、准确、可靠、安全掘进,定义掘进装备推进机构载荷顺应性,提出推进机构载荷顺应性设计问题。分别探讨推进机构载荷顺应中心的物理意义及其识别方法,运动耦合性、变形耦合性及弹性储能性的物理意义及其与机构位置精度、所受重载荷、大突变载荷之对应关系。提出涵盖以上三特性的推进机构载荷顺应性设计指标,为建立以顺应中心为设计约束,以载荷顺应最大为设计目标的推进机构载荷顺应性设计方法提供理论基础。通过推进机构载荷顺应性相关指标及其关节反力大小的相关性比较,验证载荷顺应性设计指标的科学性,表明以所提出的载荷顺应度为设计指标,可保证所设计出的推进机构既具备高刚性又具备大柔性,能化解掘进装备在推进过程中刚柔冲突的一对矛盾。

摘要：在拓扑优化中,因为设计变量多并且目标函数和约束函数都是设计变量的隐函数,求解难度较大,所以寻找更快更好的求解方法一直都是拓扑优化问题的研究重点。为此,将导重法引入到拓扑优化的求解中,介绍质量约束下求结构最优性能问题和性能约束下求结构最小质量问题的导重法迭代准则,采用密度惩罚(Solid isotropic material with penalization,SIMP)方法建立单工况下求最小柔度和最小质量这两类拓扑优化问题的优化模型,推导出用导重法求解这两类问题的迭代公式并计算了相应的算例,与ANSYS中采用的优化准则法(Optimality criteria,OC)和序列凸规划法(Sequential convex programming,SCP)进行对比分析。通过计算和对比分析显示出用导重法求解拓扑优化问题具有迭代公式简单、适用范围广、收敛速度快、求解效果好的优点。导重法为拓扑优化问题的求解提供了一条新的途径。

摘要：The optimum design of bicycle parameters has been explored by many scholars and institutes since bicycles were first invented. Professor xinjun liu and his group at Tsinghua