摘要：Galloping cheetahs,climbing mountain goats,and load hauling horses all show desirable locomotion capability,which motivates the development of quadruped *** various quadruped robots,hydraulically driven quadruped robots show great potential in unstructured environments due to their discrete landing positions and large *** the most critical movement unit of a quadruped robot,the limb leg unit(LLU)directly affects movement speed and reliability,and requires a compact and lightweight *** by the dexterous skeleton–muscle systems of cheetahs and humans,this paper proposes a highly integrated bionic actuator system for a better dynamic performance of an *** propose that a cylinder barrel with multiple element interfaces and internal smooth channels is realized using metal additive manufacturing,and hybrid lattice structures are introduced into the lightweight design of the piston *** addition,additive manufacturing and topology optimization are incorporated to reduce the redundant material of the structural parts of the *** mechanical properties of the actuator system are verified by numerical simulation and experiments,and the power density of the actuators is far greater than that of cheetah *** mass of the optimized LLU is reduced by 24.5%,and the optimized LLU shows better response time performance when given a step signal,and presents a good trajectory tracking ability with the increase in motion frequency.

摘要：Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces have been extensively inves- tigated due to their importance for industrial applications. It has been reported, however, that superhydrophobic surfaces are very sensitive to heat, ultraviolet （UV） light, and electric potential, which interfere with their long-term durability. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to achieve robust superhydrophobic thin films by designing architecture-defined complex nanostructures. A family of ZnO hollow microspheres with controlled constituent architectures in the morphologies of 1D nanowire networks, 2D nanosheet stacks, and 3D mesoporous nanoball blocks, respectively, was synthesized via a two-step self-assembly approach, where the oligomers or the constituent nanostructures with specially designed structures are first formed from surfactant templates, and then further assembled into complex morphologies by the addition of a second co-surfactant. The thin films composed of two-step synthesized ZnO hollow microspheres with different architectures presented superhydrophobicities with contact angles of 150°-155°, superior to the contact angle of 103° for one-step synthesized ZnO hollow microspheres with smooth and solid surfaces. Moreover, the robust superhydrophobicity was further improved by perfluorinated silane surface modification. The perfluorinated silane treated ZnO hollow microsphere thin films maintained excellent hydrophobicity even after 75 h of UV irradiation. The realization of environmentally durable promising solution for their long-term irradiations. superhydrophobic surfaces provides a service under UV or strong solar light

摘要：Discriminating between different liquids using surfaces with special wettability holds significant implications for both fundamental research and practical ***,current differentiation surfaces still struggle with challenges such as complex microstructure design,a limited detection range,and poor *** this study,we present a new platform for droplet discrimination achieved through a combination of groove structures and a liquid-like polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)brushes *** PDMS brushes coating exhibits excellent stability and low adhesion across a wide range of liquids with surface tensions ranging from 27.5 to 72.8 mN/m,while the groove structure provides distinct energy barriers for droplet ***,liquids with varying surface tensions can be effectively discriminated,as evidenced by the increased sliding angles(SAs)observed as liquids with lower surface tension moving across the ***,we utilized a three dimensional(3D)model of the droplet developed using Surface Evolver,and conducted energy variation calculations during droplet sliding across the groove to analyze the SA differences among liquids with different surface ***,we proposed two simple differentiation platforms that successfully demonstrated effective droplet *** work introduces a novel strategy for droplet discrimination,offering innovative ideas for the design of functional *** findings may potentially be applied in other fields involving droplet manipulation,such as droplet-based microchemical reactions and bio-detection.

摘要：立体构成课程与环境艺术设计专业两者间具备不可分割的关系,立体构成形态创造训练即塑造空间形态的物质基础。以当前环境艺术设计专业教学工作开展的情况为基础,结合近年来环境艺术设计专业教学经验,对环境艺术设计专业"立体构成"课程探索与实践进行分析,以期起到推动环境艺术设计专业教学发展的效果。

摘要：Cholesteric liquid crystal(CLC)particles can adaptively respond to constant changes in external stimuli and thus are widely used in solvent-sensing,pattern fabrication,and *** studies discussed the color change at the center of the particles for various ***,few studies analyzed the color change of the brush structure of particles in response to various applications because of the complicated birefringence *** this paper,we present a novel integrated sensing system based on the synergetic color change from the center and the brush structure of CLC *** system provides abundant and additional sensing information relative to the traditional *** particles are prepared by mixing reactive mesogens,a reactive chiral dopant,a non-reactive LC molecule,and a photoinitiator by using a microfluidic device and subsequent *** CLC particles exhibit gorgeous color at the center and brush structure upon various solvent stimuli because of the Bragg reflection and the birefringence effect,which is explained by the possible color-changing mechanism introduced in this *** proof-of-concept applications,such color-changing polymer particles are demonstrated in multi-solvent-sensing detection and pattern *** study provides new insights into the development of stimuli-responsive advanced functional materials with tailorable nanostructures toward technological applications ranging from sensing to display.

摘要：为了分析并对比采用开口T形加劲肋形式正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳性能,采用Midas Civil建立全桥模型,提出横隔板顶部不开孔的开口T肋正交异性钢桥面板、横隔板顶部开孔的开口T肋正交异性钢桥面板、闭口U肋共3种设计方案,采用Abaqus分别建立局部三维实体模型,对3种设计方案展开参数分析,并采用热点应力法进行疲劳性能评估。结果表明,全桥疲劳易损断面位置处于跨中顶板厚度为18 mm的E类梁段。方案3在各个疲劳构造细节处的热点应力幅均高于方案1和方案2。方案1仅在疲劳构造细节⑤处的热点应力幅小于方案2,其余几个疲劳构造细节的应力幅均高于方案2,在疲劳构造细节①处的热点应力幅降幅最大,约为34.75%,在疲劳构造细节③的热点应力幅降幅最小,仅为7.16%。无论顶板厚度变化还是横隔板厚度变化,变化幅度最大的位置均是疲劳构造细节①和②,其余位置疲劳应力幅对于顶板厚度变化较横隔板厚度变化敏感。方案2并无超出热点应力S‑N曲线疲劳截止限的位置,而方案1和方案3超出疲劳截止限的位置疲劳性能均满足规范中对正交异性钢桥面板疲劳性能验算的要求。

摘要：Recently,smart superwetting porous materials have aroused much attention,and it is well known that tunable surface wettability and pore structure/size are extremely important for their ***,only one factor can be regulated on existing materials,which significantly restricts their controllability,functions,and applications.A new material was prepared by electrodepositing a layer of polypyrrole on a shape memory sponge,on which switchable superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity and adjustable pore size within the range of about 28 nm to 895μm can be *** synergistically tuning the wettability and pore size,both ON/OFF water permeation and accurate flux can be ***,we also applied the sponge for molecule release,and diverse release manners with precise/smart controllability can be *** paper reports for the first time a smart material with controllability in both surface wetting and pore size,which provides a new strategy for the preparation of novel smart superwetting porous materials.

摘要：转辙机是铁路系统中控制道岔转换的关键信号设备,准确诊断其工作状态对列车的行车安全和可靠至关重要。鉴于现场数据常缺乏标签且故障样本少,提出一种基于自监督表示学习的转辙机故障诊断方法。该方法首先将转辙机动作曲线转换为图像形式,随后通过自编码器提取数据的潜在特征。然后,基于同故障类型转辙机数据具有内在相似性,设计了一种表示学习模型,该模型通过比较批次数据间的相似关系来监督训练过程,实现高相似性数据的表示分布聚合,从而挖掘数据的潜在分类结构。此外,得益于对比学习的泛化优势,该方法能够利用不同类型转辙机的数据来增强模型训练效果。最终,通过聚类挖掘表示特征中的故障模式,并训练下游分类网络分类表示特征,从而实现不依赖人工标记数据的故障诊断模型。研究结果表明,相较于传统自编码器,对比表示学习模型可以更有效地区分不同故障类型的转辙机监测数据。在无标签训练模型的情况下,采用ZDJ9型转辙机现场数据训练模型后,在测试数据集上故障诊断准确率为99.63%,融合ZDJ9型和ZYJ7型转辙机现场数据训练模型后,故障诊断准确率提升到99.88%,比传统无监督学习模型准确率提升了8个百分点,并与监督学习模型性能相当。该方法结合了无监督模型不依赖人工标记数据和监督模型故障诊断准确率高的优势,为铁路现场转辙机故障诊断提供了一种新的可行方案。

摘要：本文根据中国散裂中子源液氢循环泵的工作范围要求,提出液氢循环泵的总体设计思路,并针对叶轮型式和绝热结构开展设计研究。叶轮结构数值分析的结果显示,叶轮子午面流道进出口会出现较大分离泡从而影响氢泵的效率,后续将对此进行设计优化。绝热结构设计计算的结果显示,采用薄壁管的悬臂式延伸轴结构,液氢循环泵的轴向漏热值能够满足设计要求。

摘要：Introducing liquid-crystalline small-molecule donors(SMDs)into binary systems based on the strong intermolecular interactions of SMDs is a facile and effective strategy to tune the active layer morphology and improve the performance of organic solar cells(OSCs).Contrary to conventional understanding,this research proposes a new strategy for ternary OSCs implicating that"weakly crystalline materials can also optimize the morphology of the active layer and improve the OSCs performance".Herein,we designed and synthesized two liquid-crystalline SMDs,Z1 and Z2,based on benzodifuran(BDF)*** amorphous Z2-incorporated ternary devices present an unexpectedly improved power conversion efficiency(PCE)>18%with good *** contrast,the highly ordered Z1-based ternary devices possess a significantly depressed *** characterizations reveal that the Z2-based ternary blend films possess improved miscibility and efficient charge *** novel strategy for the selection of the third component is significant for the fabrication of high-efficiency ternary OSCs.