摘要：Two kinds of semi-solid samples of AZ80−0.2Y−0.15Ca(wt.%)(AZ80M)magnesium alloy were prepared by semi-solid isothermal heat treatment of materials with and without equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)*** microstructures of initial and semi-solid treated samples were compared and *** results showed a significant difference in the liquid phase distribution between three-pass ECAP processed(3P)and as-received samples during the isothermal heating *** semi-solid 3P sample showed a more uniform liquid distribution due to its smaller dihedral ***,the coarsening processes of solid grains of as-received and 3P samples were dominated by the coalescence and Ostwald ripening mechanism,*** difference of coarsening processes was mainly related to the proportion of the high-angle grain boundaries in materials,which further affected the evolution behavior of the liquid pools.

摘要：The effects of yttrium(Y)and yttrium+calcium(Y+Ca)additions on the electrochemical properties and discharge performance of the as-extruded Mg−8Al−0.5Zn−0.2Mn(AZ80)anodes for Mg−air batteries were *** results show that the addition of 0.2 wt.%Y increased the corrosion resistance and discharge activity of AZ80 *** was attributed to the fine and sphericalβ-Mg_17)Al_(12) phases dispersing evenly in AZ80+0.2Y alloy,which suppressed the localized corrosion and severe“chunk effect”,and facilitated the rapid activation ofα-*** addition of 0.2 wt.%Y and 0.15 wt.%Ca generated grain refinement and a reduction of theβ-Mg_17)Al_(12) phase,resulting in a further enhancement in discharge ***,the incorporation of Ca in Mg_17)Al_(12) and Al_(2)Y compounds compromised the corrosion resistance and anodic efficiency of AZ80+0.2Y+0.15Ca ***,AZ80+0.2Y anode exhibited excellent overall discharge performance,with the peak discharge capacity and anodic efficiency of 1525 mA·h·g^(−1) and 67%at 80 mA/cm^(2),13%and 14%higher than those of AZ80 anode,respectively.

摘要：Human rhinoviruses(HRVs)are the predominant infectious agents for the common cold *** HRV-C species cause severe illnesses in children and are closely related to acute exacerbations of asthma.3C protease,a highly conserved enzyme,cleaves the viral polyprotein during replication and assists the virus in escaping the host immune *** key roles make 3C protease an important drug target.A few structures of 3Cs complexed with an irreversible inhibitor rupintrivir have been *** structures shed light on the determinants of drug *** we describe the structures of HRV-C153C in free and inhibitor-bound *** volume-decreased S1'subsite and half-closed S2 subsite,which were thought to be unique features of enterovirus A 3C proteases,appear in the HRV-C 3C *** assumes an“intermediate”conformation in the complex,which might open up additional avenues for the design of potent antiviral *** of the features of the three-dimensional structures and the amino acid sequences of 3C proteases suggest new applications for existing drugs.

摘要：Theranostic nanosystems that integrate diagnosis and therapy have garnered increasing attention for personalized *** integration of the versatile nanoparticles to fabricate self-assembled theranostic nanomedicines becomes increasingly important in current medical *** silica nanoparticles(MSN)with their highly attractive physicochemical properties and favorable morphological attributes represent ideal templates for the controlled assembly and integration of functional nanomaterials to fabricate self-assembled theranostic *** rationally designed combination strategy and heterostructure will improve the overall bioavailability and preserve the unique property of each *** this review,the cutting-edge strategies for the designed fabrication of MSN-templated self-assembled nanomedicines are *** categorize MSN-based nanomedicines by their unique heterostructures,including core-shell,yolk-shell,core-satellite,heterodimer and core-shell-satellite structures,and discuss the controlled assembly approaches as well as the intriguing applications for disease ***,a perspective on the challenges in the clinical translation of self-assembled theranostic nanomedicines is highlighted.

摘要：随着汽车电动化、智能化、网联化以及软件定义汽车的发展,整车功能及电子电气系统越来越复杂,对电子电气架构形态和开发流程提出更高的要求。文章基于以功能为导向的电子电气架构正向开发流程讨论功能架构的设计方法,提出电子电气架构中功能架构设计评价方法,为电子电气架构的正向设计开发提供指导。

摘要：背景我国人口老龄化问题日趋严重,抑郁是老年人群中较为常见的精神疾病之一,可导致显著的残疾和死亡风险增加。研究发现抑郁与认知障碍之间关联密切,并且这种关系可能受到性别的影响。在老年人群中,抑郁与认知功能及不同认知领域之间相关性的性别差异尚不明确。目的对城市老年人抑郁和认知功能状况进行调查,并分析抑郁与认知功能的相关性及性别差异。方法2022年9—10月采用分层抽样方法,选取安徽省合肥市某社区的65岁及以上老年居民作为调查对象。收集其一般资料,采用老年抑郁量表(GDS)、痴呆简易筛查量表(BSSD)分别对抑郁和认知功能状况进行评估,探讨老年人抑郁的相关因素,并分析抑郁、性别因素及二者的交互作用对认知功能的影响。结果共纳入328名老年人,抑郁的总体检出率为14.9%。回归分析结果显示,饮酒(OR=0.362,95%CI=0.155~0.847)、与子女居住(OR=2.445,95%CI=1.021~5.853)是抑郁的独立相关因素(P<0.05)。析因设计的方差分析显示,抑郁老年人的BSSD总分及语言(命令)理解、计算/注意、地点定向、时间定向和即刻记忆因子分均低于非抑郁老年人(P<0.05)。女性BSSD总分及常识/图片理解和地点定向因子分均低于男性,而语言(命令)理解得分高于男性(P<0.05)。抑郁与性别在常识/图片理解、语言(命令)理解和地点定向上的交互作用显著(P<0.05)。结论城市老年人抑郁风险较高,合并抑郁的老年人可能存在一定的认知功能减退,并伴有性别差异。应加强关注老年人抑郁和痴呆等精神问题,尤其是针对女性老年群体,有必要制定个体化的综合干预措施,提高老年人心理健康水平和生活质量。

摘要：大中型林栖兽类是高山峡谷区最重要的野生动物保护对象,开展交通干线运行对其分布影响的研究,可为高山峡谷区公路建设项目生态选线提供重要的技术支撑。本文采用红外相机自动拍摄法,调查四川省典型高山峡谷区交通干线走廊带大中型林栖兽类组成和分布,通过MaxEnt模型预测其受交通干线的影响程度。结果表明:(1)在高山峡谷区,交通干线两侧0.1~1.0 km的森林生态系统中有7种大中型林栖兽类分布,部分保护物种在走廊带仍具有较大的种群数量,记录到的观测点数量位居前列;(2)在天然状态下,以森林植被为主的高山峡谷区是大中型林栖兽类的高适宜生境集中分布区,新建交通干线使其走廊带大中型林栖兽类生境适宜度平均值降低30%,高适宜生境面积减少41.61%;(3)在以森林植被为主的高山峡谷区,交通干线明线段对大中型林栖兽类生境影响范围主要在道路中心线两侧300 m内。

摘要：【目的】对表贴电阻元器件进行了焊接工艺和焊点最大抗剪强度的试验研究，基于试验数据运用灰色关联与量化模型进行焊点焊接强度预测。【方法】为此，采用元器件焊点推脱力试验获取了相应的焊点抗剪性能，设计了36组工艺参数组合的非完全正交试验，分析了焊膏涂覆量、贴装压力、焊接时间、焊接温度、器件贴装精度等参数对抗剪强度的影响，并对测试值进行了灰色关联分析和回归模型预测，准确描述了不同工艺参数与最大抗剪强度的定量关系。【结果】结果表明，焊接加热温度对片式元器件焊点最大抗剪强度的影响最大，其灰色关联度达到0.759，器件贴装精度影响最小，灰色关联度为0.734。【结论】该研究通过试验和回归预测模型结合的研究方法可准确描述焊接工艺参数和焊接质量之间的定量关系。

摘要：目的为完善我国药品法规提供参考。方法分析药品检查合作计划(PIC/S)药品生产质量管理规范(GMP)正文及附录8起始物料和包装材料取样(以下简称附录8)与我国GMP正文及附录9(取样)、2020年版《中国药典》及国家标准的中物料取样要求的差异,针对关键差异问题开展分析和调研,并提出改进建议。结果两种GMP均重视物料取样,但PIC/S GMP人员培训要求更细致,取样方法的设计要求基于风险因素宏观描述;我国GMP对人员培训进行宏观要求,取样方法的设计分门别类,并在其他技术文件(如《中国药典》)中进行详细阐述。共发放调研问卷439份,均有效回收,包含生物制品(含疫苗)、化学注射剂、中药注射剂、普通化学药制剂、原料药、中药饮片等439家生产企业;58家(13.21%)每包取样检测,其余生产企业均完成抽样检验,409家(93.17%)对于“确保起始物料每包标识正确的程序”不知如何验证或认为验证成本高、难度大,358家(81.55%)认为应结合供应商审计建立物料取样计划。分别在四川、云南、江苏、重庆地开展实地调研,涉及中药(含注射剂)、化学药制剂、原料药、生物制品(含疫苗)等共14家生产企业;7家(50.00%)注射剂原料每包取样检测,中药(含注射剂)生产企业认为起始物料无法每包取样检测,8家(57.14%)认为基于供应商审计及物料风险评估建立取样计划可行。结论建议增加注射剂原料及应对无法追溯到生产商的物料进行每包取样检测的要求,中药材及饮片仍遵循原有取样统计学要求抽取部分样品检测,生产企业做好药材供应链管理;增加根据物料的性质、对供应商的资质确认情况以及物料本身的均一性进行风险评估,结合批准的取样规程建立物料取样计划要求。

摘要：河流型水源泵站取水对河道内鱼类早期资源的卷吸效应会对河流鱼类资源产生不利影响。研究选择长江金刚沱泵站取水口,开展了不同取水口方案卷吸效应物理模型试验。研究结果表明,取水箱两侧钢板高度和引水管布置方向会影响卷吸效应,低侧板方案卷吸效应最明显,其产生的平均横向流速和平均垂向流速约为高侧板方案的1.4~1.8倍,并在纵向上对流速具有更为明显的减缓作用,使原本的河道纵向流速平均下降了30%。引水管垂向布置的卷吸效应范围比侧向布置宽约1.5~2 m,垂向管的卷吸范围在取水箱两侧均匀分布,侧向管布置引起卷吸效应在取水箱顶部产生约2.5~4 m的偏移。卷吸效应范围受河道流量影响,低流量工况下,不同方案的卷吸范围在13.5~18.5 m之间,与高流量工况相比,各方案的卷吸范围有小幅增大,平均增大了1.1倍。根据卷吸效应范围,研究中的高侧板侧向管方案最优,其较高的侧板和侧向引水管的布置型式能够减小卷吸效应,取水头部两侧较高的钢板能够对水流产生阻隔作用,一定程度上减缓了引水管直接对水流的卷吸,研究可为取水工程设计优化提供科学依据。