摘要：Introducing redox species into the electrolytes of traditional electric double layer capacitors(EDLCs)is an efficient strategy to enhance their energy density owing to Faradic ***,few studies have elucidated the effect of the molecular structures of organic redox species on the performance of relative supercapacitors,which is important in the development of redox additives for *** this context,we synthesized several viologens and used them as new organic redox additives for super-capacitors with organic *** detailed experimental analysis and theoretical calculation results show that the electrochemical performance of viologens relies heavily on their side chains and conjugated ***,the side chains of the viologens affect their electronic structures and are consistent with behaviours between the molecules and the electrode pores due to the size effect,thus influencing their specific *** addition,a larger conjugated aromatic core endows viologens with a smaller band gap and a higher degree of electron delocalization,resulting in better rate performance and cycling ***,aπ-conjugated viologen derivative is selected as a favourable additive and enables an EDLC-type supercapacitor to exhibit a high energy density(34.0 W h kg^−1 at 856 W kg^−1)and good cycling performance.

摘要：WS2 has been considered as a promising anode material due to its high lithium storage capacity as well as fascinating physical properties. However, the insufficient electrical and ionic conductivities deteriorate the rate per- formance of the batteries. Herein, we report a simple synthetic approach towards graphene-WS2 hybrids by rolling graphene into a hollow nanotube in which WSz nanoplates are en- capsulated. This new electrode design strategy facilitates the fabrication of integrated and binder-free lithium ion battery and sodium ion battery electrodes by combining electrospin- ning and chemical vapor deposition （CVD） methods. Bene- fiting from their confined growth and the interconnected in- situ graphitic carbon coating nanocable web, the WS2@G with nano-level WS2 dispersion not only provides an efficiently conductive and electrolyte accessible framework, but effec- tively alleviates the volume change during the cycling, en- abling a mechanically robust binder-free electrode along with the outstanding electrochemical Li＋ and Na＋ storage proper- ties.

摘要：传统锂离子电池的能量密度已难以满足日益增长的更高能量密度的需求。开发新型高能量密度二次电池是最为有效的一个策略。近期,基于商用一次锂-亚硫酰氯锂电池衍生而来的锂/钠-氯二次电池因其高能量密度而备受关注,成为替代传统锂离子电池的有力竞争者。本文围绕锂/钠-氯二次电池的最新研究进展,综述了正极载体、负极及电解液等关键组分构建研究及其对电化学性能的影响。在正极载体方面,系统阐述了碳材料、共轭框架聚合物等载体设计对锂/钠-氯二次电池首次放电容量、可逆容量、倍率性能和温度的影响;在电解液方面,详细分析了针对反应机理、中间相产物和电解液腐蚀问题的解决策略;并简要介绍了适用于锂/钠-氯二次电池的新型合金负极。基于正极载体的理性设计与电解液系统优化,锂/钠-氯二次电池在新型二次电池领域已初现峥嵘,循环寿命可达500圈,尤其是在极端服役环境中表现优异(可在-80℃工作,电流密度最大可达16 A/g)。然而,氯物种转化动力学速率慢、活性氯物种利用率低以及氯物种对负极等的腐蚀难题仍然是限制其性能进一步提升的瓶颈,也是未来亟待解决的挑战所在。

摘要：石墨烯原子层厚度的二维平面结构以及其独特的物理化学性质引起了国际学术界的广泛关注1,同时也赋予石墨烯丰富多样的光、热、电、磁、力等功能。石墨烯的结晶度、旋转错位、物理形变等无不引起其功能的显著变化,而杂原子掺杂、可设计孔洞、选择性边缘结构、特异性复合等也往往赋予石墨烯特殊的性能与应用。

摘要：为了研究电缆隧道火灾在山地地形中的发展过程及规律,为电缆隧道火灾的防治与隧道结构的设计提供基础依据,利用三维火灾动力学模拟软件FDS对含不同坡度段的电缆隧道火灾进行了模拟试验研究,分析了电缆隧道发生火灾时烟气蔓延情况、火焰蔓延速度以及温度分布情况等规律。研究结果表明:电缆隧道内的坡度段在火灾过程中会形成烟囱效应,进而影响电缆隧道火灾的发展;随着电缆隧道坡度段坡度的增加,隧道内的高温区域减小并向着有坡度段的一侧移动;隧道的坡度与隧道左端面的进风速度有正相关的关系。