摘要：本文将价值链方法论应用到云南非木材林产品的市场实际中,在描述涉及到松茸、块菌、核桃以及松子4种产品价值链经济主体的基础上,详细分析了4种产品价值链的治理以及由之产生的组织结构和权利分配。研究发现,非木材林产品价值链中存在着在整个价值链的有效运行中发挥着关键作用的领导企业,而各级中间商是联系小农户和大市场的不可或缺的产品重要销售渠道。支持非木材林产品商品化的政策应考虑价值链的治理,给予领导企业和各级中间商更多的支持,同时注意限制领导企业的负面作用,应建设多样性的市场体系同时推进产品品牌和标准建设。

摘要：本届"从沙漠出发——边界上的生态学"银川双年展架构在四个相互关联并时有交错的主题板块之上,并不刻意地限制或框定它们,而是试图将其物质与非物质方面充分地视觉化。关于本届银川双年展的主题,策展人马可·斯科蒂尼做出了深入的阐述。

摘要：无论是电动剃须刀还是手动剃须刀；无论是旋转式剃须刀，还是往复式剃须刀，都能够起到清洁面部的作用，却也都存在着割伤皮肤的风险，而这款剃须刀虽然在结构与技术上并不能避免这种危险情况的发生，但却带来了一种全新的体验。这是一款独特的手指剃须刀。只需要像戴手套一样将它套在手上，在手套的食指和中指处固定上一个迷你剃须刀，

摘要：The paper aimed to illustrate an idea about the feasibility of a peculiar aircraft, i.e., a 5th generation light fighter. At first, a short description of previous ＂generations＂ of jet fighter is given, introducing the interest that has always been originated by the concept of＂light fighter＂ for every of the first four fighter generations. The derivation of the first idea of a new 5th generation light fighter is then described. Then to further investigate the feasibility of idea, a conceptual design study has been driven up by utilizing peculiar tools, both for quantitative and qualitative （i.e., the aircraft layout definition） evaluations. With the further support of preliminary study of subsystems, the result shows the feasibility of the concept.

摘要：在全球化趋势下,由于教学人员和学员的文化视角和学习习惯存在差异,教学设计人员需要通过一定工具了解跨文化学习者的学习偏好,并据此更好地为跨文化受众制定教育和培训方案。本研究应一家总部设在美国的跨国电信公司的要求,对具有工程背景的原籍国为中国的66名学员进行了与学习相关的文化因素和学习偏好的在线问卷调查和数据分析,旨在明确学生的偏好并探究文化影响、教学设计方法以及翻译问题是如何影响跨国公司中中国员工的学习体验的。本研究特别关注中国工程师基于过程任务及操作任务的学习偏好,以期为建立更有效的跨文化培训教学机制提出有益建议。调查数据显示:在接受跨国公司企业培训时,中国学习者在学习过程中有效接收和处理信息的能力会受到东西方文化差异的影响,其学习体验也会受到教学方法与学习方法偏好、教学材料的翻译质量等因素的影响。研究表明,在为跨国跨文化受众设计教学方案时,设计者要有文化差异意识,并通过一定调查工具识别文化因素的影响和学员的学习偏好,了解学习群体的复杂性;教学设计者应通过调查结果积极应对学习者差异,重视学习群体基于自身文化传统的学习偏好,基于学习任务对不同文化学习偏好学习群体的有效性及学习者偏好选择教学方法;为解决学习者文化学习偏好问题提供文化敏感性选项;适时提供高质量的书面和口头翻译材料。

摘要：The aim of this study was to design three-phase induction motors with aluminum and copper cage, in the range 0.75 ÷22 kW, to fulfill the 1E3 efficiency level according to typical performance and standard constraints. The proposed study has concerned TEFC （ totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled ）, 400 V, 50 Hz, SI duty three phase squirrel-cage induction motors only. The motors＇ designs, with AI and Cu cage, have been optimized in order to reach the minimum efficiency level IE3 at lowest active material costs and satisfy the physical and performance constraints of the designs, which are the motor specifications. A suitable optimization procedure has been used which allowed to find the ＂best design＂ by chancing the geometric dimensions of the stator, rotor shape, the stator winding and the stack length. In order to guarantee the goodness and feasibility of the optimized designs, several constrains have been imposed.

摘要：二十世纪后期,光艺术成为一种专门的艺术形式。随着LED、霓虹灯、数字技术的出现,光的可能性被再次拓展。艺术家们对光的想象彻底被激发了一一光,成了主角。它不再是一种媒介,光在设计师们的手中能够呈现出如建筑和雕塑般美轮美免的视觉感受。来自荷兰的Studio Drift工作室由拉尔夫·瑙塔(Ralph Nauta)和卢纳克·霍丹(Lonneke Gordijn)两位创始人创立。

摘要：在本文中,作者主要介绍了一些利用前沿的数字设计技术来进行的材料和生物运算实践,以及存这背后的新的思考是如何从根本上影响我们对当代城市的构想的。首先,在科学/技术层面上,对这些材料运算方法的研究可以使设计师突破传统数字设计过程中所常用的以描述为导向的运算方法;其次,从社会/文化的角度来看,这种能够参与到生命物质进化过程中的机会有助于增加我们与周围环境之间的互动程度;而其最终的潜力将会是把整个过程中的任何一个观察者变为这个过程的共同设计者。基于此,本文进而将会对当前生态危机背景下建筑所呈现的角色进行讨论,并以此呼吁人们对当前这种新的地质时代——科学家们称之为"人类世"——进行批判性的解读。

摘要：The present paper introduces the concepts of exergy and treats it applications to analysis of the gain in exergy efficiency between one-step and multi-step thermal processes. The analysis, which is carried out with the Excel-based SEPE program, is exemplified with the comparison between single-step and two-steps heat pump setup for providing heat to a floor heating system and for domestic hot water. The paper discusses the use of the concept of exergy efficiency as a measure of success for design of a heat pump application and how the use of information on exergy destruction and temperature levels in different parts of the system add a new perspective to the analysis and the evaluation of the system performance. The paper shows how this information can be used to improve the system configuration and also the operation of the system for given boundary conditions. This is especially useful when the energy from the low temperature sources can be utilized at different temperature or quality levels such as for space heating and domestic hot water.

摘要：***公司最近从万国邮政联盟收集到2008~2011年各国邮件的统计数据（注：万国邮政联盟是协调成员国之间邮务政策的联合国专门机构，可以跟踪全球大多数国家的邮件量），此次收集的数据可作为评价全球邮寄量的指标，在一定程度上讲，亦可以作为印刷量变化的指标，从而发现直邮业务及相关公司的发展趋势。