摘要：In this paper,the design and operation of a novel coal-fired circulating fluidized bed(CFB)drum boiler that can generate superheated steam using saline water were *** natural circulation water dynamics with a drum was adopted instead of the traditional once-through steam generator(OTSG)design,so that superheated steam can be generated for the better performance of the steam assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)technology in heavy oil *** optimized staged evaporation method was proposed to further decrease the salinity of water in the clean water section of the *** evaporating pipes of the salted water section were rearranged in the back pass of the boiler,where the heat load is low,to further improve the heat transfer safety.A CFB combustion technology was used for coal firing to achieve a uniform heat transfer condition with low heat *** control technologies were adopted to reduce pollutant *** on the field test,the recommended water standard for the coal-fired CFB drum boilers was *** the present technology,the treated recovery wastewater can be reused in steam-injection boilers to generate superheated *** engineering applications show that the boiler efficiency is higher than 90%,the blowdown rate is limited within 5.5%,and the superheat of steam can reach up to 30 ***,the heavy oil recovery efficiency is significantly ***,the pollutant emissions of SO2,NOV and dust are controlled within the ranges of 20-90 mg/(N·m^(3)),30-90 mg/(N·m^(3))and 2-10 mg/(N·m^(3))respectively.

摘要：The denitrifier method is widely used as a novel pretreatment method for the determination of nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios as it can provide quantitative and high-sensitivity measurements. Nevertheless, the method is limited by relatively low measurement accuracy for δ18 O. In this study, we analyzed the factors influencing the accuracy of δ18 O determination, and then systematically investigated the effects of dissolved oxygen concentrations and nitrate sample sizes on estimates of the δ15 N and δ18 O of nitrate reference materials. The δ18 O contraction ratio was used to represent the relationship between the measured difference and true difference between two reference materials. We obtained the following main results:(1) a gas-liquid ratio of 3:10(v/v) in ordinary triangular flasks and a shaking speed of 120 r/min produced an optimal range(1.9 to 2.6 mg/L) in the concentration of dissolved oxygen for accurately determining δ18 O, and(2) the δ18 O contraction ratio decreased as nitrate sample size decreased within a certain range(1.0 to 0.1 μmol). Our results suggested that δ18 O contraction is influenced mainly by dissolved oxygen concentrations in pure culture, and provided a model for improving the accuracy of oxygen isotope analysis.

摘要：为突破实验条件的限制研究高温环境下三维间隔机织物的传热机制和传热过程,以玄武岩/聚酰亚胺三维间隔机织物为研究对象,对其三维间隔结构进行参数化建模,并确定控制方程以及边界条件。利用有限元分析方法对该织物进行高温环境下的传热过程数值模拟,通过实验对比验证模型有效性,探究了玄武岩/聚酰亚胺三维间隔机织物的间隔高度以及间隔跨距对其传热性能的影响。结果发现:相较于间隔跨距,间隔高度对三维间隔机织物传热性能的影响更大,传热平衡状态时织物背面域点探针温度相差11.4℃;且在三维间隔机织物内部,同一时刻下同一水平面上的间隔纱温度略低于空气域温度。

摘要：Nickel-based layered double hydroxides(LDHs)are promising electrode materials in the fields of energy storage(supercapacitors)and conversion(urea oxidation).The rational construction of atomic and electronic structure is crucial for nickel-based LDHs to realize their satisfactory electrochemical ***,we report a facile,ecofriendly,one-step synthesis process to construct petal-like oxygen-deficient NiAl-LDH nanosheets for hybrid supercapacitors(HSCs)and urea oxidation reaction(UOR).The asprepared NiAl-LDH nanosheets with rich oxygen vacancies possess a large specific surface area of 216.6 m2 g^(-1) and a desirable electronic conductivity of 3.45×10^(–4)S cm^(-1) to deliver an ultra-high specific capacitance of 2801 F g^(-1)(700 C g^(-1))at 1 A g^(-1).Furthermore,high specific energy of 50.0 W h kg^(-1) at 400 W kg^(-1) and excellent cycle stability with 91%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles are achieved by the NiAl-LDHs/CFP(carbon fiber paper)(+)//YP-80F(a commercial activated carbon)(–)***,NiAl-LDH nanosheets also work as an efficient electrocatalyst for UOR,which only requires 1.42 V *** hydrogen electrode to drive 10 mA cm^(–2) in 1 mol L^(-1) KOH with 0.33 mol L^(-1) *** remarkable performance is superior to most reported values of previous candidates owing to the thin structure of NiAl-LDH nanosheets for exposing more active sites and abundant oxygen *** addition,various reaction parameters are investigated to optimize the electrochemical *** general,this work paves a new way for the architecture of multifunctional nanostructured energy materials.

摘要：天然阿拉伯半乳聚糖是一种重要的多糖类化合物,具有广泛的来源、复杂的结构、多种生物活性及巨大的应用潜力。天然阿拉伯半乳聚糖主要富含于植物和微生物中,其结构复杂,结构因来源不同而异,包括Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅱ型相关类型及新构型等。天然阿拉伯半乳聚糖在生物活性方面表现出多种潜力,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗凝血、抗衰老、降血糖、维持肠道健康和抗炎等作用及免疫调节等生物活性。此外,天然阿拉伯半乳聚糖还表现出较好的生物相容性和低毒性,使其成为生物医学领域的潜在材料。在研究报道中,天然阿拉伯半乳聚糖被设计为药物递送系统中的载体能够有效提高药物的稳定性和靶向性;天然阿拉伯半乳聚糖常被添加到护肤产品中,利用其保湿和抗氧化特性,有助于延缓皮肤老化,增强皮肤屏障功能;天然阿拉伯半乳聚糖作为增稠剂、稳定剂和乳化剂,改善食品的质地和口感,同时增强产品的营养价值。总结和归纳最新的研究报道,有助于进一步理解天然阿拉伯半乳聚糖的结构与生物活性及功能应用的关系,为未来的研究和开发提供了重要参考。

摘要：水系锌离子电池(AZIBs)具有成本低、安全性高和金属锌资源丰富等特点,近年来受到学术界和工业界的广泛重视.但是,AZIBs在循环过程中不可避免地存在枝晶生长、析氢反应和腐蚀问题.作为AZIBs的重要组成部分,电解液结构的优化对于增强AZIBs的性能至关重要.本文系统地分析了AZIBs的电解液结构模型,将电解液结构分为溶剂化结构、氢键网络和电解液/锌阳极界面三部分,并且主要针对电解液中的溶剂化结构,从电解液浓度调控、添加剂工程和固态化设计等方面总结了电解液溶剂化结构调控策略.本文为今后进一步研究和提升AZIBs的综合性能提供了方向性指引.

摘要：文章研究了5G在智能配电网中的应用,提出了一套超密集组网(Ultra Dense Network,UDN)规划方法。通过对5G UDN特性的分析,结合智能配电网对通信系统的高要求,设计了网络架构和优化算法。该方法包括基站部署策略、频率资源分配及干扰协调机制等。仿真实验结果表明,该规划方法能有效提升配电网通信系统的性能,满足智能电网对高可靠性、低时延的需求。

摘要：探讨了“饮料生产技术”的课程思政建设理论与实践。首先构建了“饮料生产技术”课程思政体系,全方位进行了课程思政与工作任务融入的系统设计。接着,通过实践探索,将思政元素融入教学内容、创新教学方法与手段,如采用混合式教学模式和利用现代信息技术提升教学效果。最后,讨论了课程思政面临的挑战,并提出了应对策略,展望了课程思政的发展方向。

摘要：甘油是生物质精炼的主要副产物(约占10%),年过剩量与低利用率导致其市场价格(0.24-0.6 US kg^(-1))较低.甘油是具有三个活性羟基的多元醇,被认为是生产高价值产品的理想原料.甲酸作为甘油转化最重要的产品之一,广泛应用于农药、皮革、染料和医药行业,将甘油电氧化(EGOR)为甲酸(FA)不仅能有效避免资源过剩造成浪费,而且能满足未来对甲酸燃料电池的需求.然而甘油电催化氧化途径较为复杂,涉及反应中间产物的脱氢、吸附/解吸和C-C键裂解.本文将密度泛函理论(DFT)与实验相结合,研究了在精细构建的NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片上通过EGOR生产FA的反应机制.DFT计算结果表明,活性羟基(OH^(*))物种可以改变EGOR生产FA过程的决速步骤(RDS),通过调节吸附中间体的吸附能可获得理想的FA产率.其中,高度羟基化的NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片(311)-OH^(*)晶面上具有最低的吉布斯自由能,能显著提升反应过程动力学.在理论分析的基础上,通过简易的电沉积方法精准制备了超薄NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片(~1.7 nm),并采用X射线吸收精细结构谱和高分辨透射电镜对催化剂进行了结构分析.结果表明,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片中四面体(A_(Td))和八面体(B_(Oh))配位具有内角共享的A_(Td)-O-B_(Oh)和边共享的B_(Oh)-O-B_(Oh)构型,金属间的协同作用有效改善了材料的电子效应,有利于提供更多的吸附位点并促进EGOR过程中的电荷转移.NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片在EGOR中的电荷转移电阻仅为0.94Ω,电化学活性表面积高达10.25 cm^(2).相比较电催化析氧反应,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片表现出了较好的EGOR性能,在10 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度下阳极功耗降低了320 mV,在100 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度时的阳极电势仅为1.46 VRHE.此外,在120 h的稳定性测试中,甘油的转化率和FA的选择性可分别保持在89%和70%.多电位步骤实验、原位电化学阻抗谱和电子顺磁共振谱结果表明,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片上原位产生的OH^(*)物种是EGOR过程中的直接活性中心,有利于将RDS从甘油酸脱氢裂解转化为甘油醛的脱氢步骤,并进一步促进C-C键的裂解.进一步结合理论预测,证实了OH^(*)物种是EGOR过程中的直接活性中心.综上,采用绿色高效的电催化手段促进甘油生产高附加值化学品是生物质链升级的重要举措,有效避免了传统的高温高压,以水为介质,原位利用OH^(*).本文为新型催化剂的未来设计和理解生物质基原料电氧化升级反应机制提供了新思路.

摘要：目的:通过图像记忆配合教学游戏的方式，将心电图图像与卡牌游戏相结合，使复杂的心电图知识简化，抽象知识具象化，在游戏中激发学生学习动机，从而提高学生认知能力，辅助学生掌握心电图相关知识。方法:通过文献检索和头脑风暴，设计心电图学习卡牌及使用流程，使用方便抽样选取某医学院校学生55名，在使用卡牌前后进行知识问卷测试，检测卡牌对心电图学习的辅助效果，利用描述性质性研究进行卡牌满意度调查。结果:干预前，各专业之间学生得分无明显差别;1个月内和半年内学习过心电图的学生的识图正确率差异较小，分别为57.50%和54.51%;未接触过心电图的学生，在培训后识图的正确率仅为18.06%。干预后，收集有效问卷42份，学生总体识图正确率提升17.86%，其中室颤的心电图识图正确率提升较为明显，从30.91%提升至64.29%;室上性心动过速的心电图识图正确率提升较少，仅提升5.50%。干预后学生心电图识图正确率优于干预前，两组差异具有统计学意义（ P<0.01）。质性访谈的结果显示，心电图游戏卡牌具有较好的趣味性，实用性和可推广性，但卡牌设计在重点图形的区别度，牌面信息的丰富性，规则设计的多元化等方面，有待进一步的改进。 结论:心电图识图对初学者来说是相对较难掌握的一门课程，心电图学习卡牌的使用简化了心电图识图过程，激发学生学习的主动性，从而提高整体的心电图识图正确率。