摘要：Tunneling wounds create passageways underneath the skin surface with varying sizes and shapes and can have twists and turns,making their treatment extremely *** wound care solutions only cater to superficial wounds,and untreated tunneling wounds pose major health *** study aims to fulfill this challenge by fabricating tunnel wound fillers(TWFs)made of natural polymers that mimic the dermal extracellular *** this study,cellulose microfibers(CMFs)derived from banana stem and fish skin-derived collagen were used to formulate bio-inks with varying CMF contents(25,50,and 75 mg).Tri-layered(CMFs,primary and secondary collagen coatings),drug-eluting(Baneocin),and cell-laden(human mesenchymal stem cells)TWFs were three-dimensional(3D)-printed and extensively *** showed the most suitable rheological properties for 3D printing at 50 mg *** Alamar Blue data showed significantly increased cell proliferation from Day 1 to Day 7,and scratch tests used to evaluate in vitro wound healing revealed that the best coverage of the wound area was achieved using CMFs in combination with collagen and ***,the TWF showed promising capability and tunability in terms of wound shape and size upon testing on a chicken tissue *** results demonstrate the tremendous potential of TWFs in treating deep tunneling wounds with unique advantages,such as patient-specific customization,good wound exudate absorption capability while releasing wound healing drugs,and the inclusion of stem cells for accelerated healing and tissue regeneration.