摘要：Bacterial infections are a major threat to the human healthcare system worldwide,as antibiotics are becoming less effective due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant ***,there is a need to explore nontraditional antimicrobial alternatives to support rapid interventions and combat the spread of pathogenic *** nonantibiotic approaches are being developed,many of them at the interface of physics,nanotechnology,and *** physical factors(e.g.,pressure,temperature,and ultraviolet light)are typically used in the sterilization process,nanoparticles and phages(bacterial viruses)are also applied to combat pathogenic ***,phage-based therapies are rising due to the unparalleled specificity and high bactericidal activity of *** the success of phages mostly as compassionate use in clinical cases,some drawbacks need to be addressed,mainly related to their stability,bioavailability,and systemic *** phages with nanoparticles can improve their performance in ***,the combination of nanotechnology and phages might provide tools for the rapid and accurate detection of bacteria in biological samples(diagnosis and typing),and the development of antimicrobials that combine the selectivity of phages with the efficacy of targeted therapy,such as photothermal ablation or photodynamic *** this review,we aim to provide an overview of how phage-based nanotechnology represents a step forward in the fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria.