摘要：It is envisa.ed tha. the crea.ion of cellula. environments a. multiple length sca.es, tha. reca.itula.e in vivo bioa.tive a.d structura. roles, ma. hold the key to crea.ing functiona., complex tissues in the la.ora.ory. This review considers recent a.va.ces in biofa.rica.ion a.d bioprinting techniques a.ross different length sca.es. Pa.ticula. focus is pla.ed on 3D printing of hydrogels a.d fa.rica.ion of bioma.eria. fibres tha. could extend the fea.ure resolution a.d ma.eria. functiona.ity of soft tissue constructs. The outlook from this review discusses how one might crea.e a.d simula.e microenvironmenta. cues in vitro. a.fa.rica.ion pla.form tha. integra.es the competencies of different biofa.rica.ion technologies is proposed. Such a.multi-process, multisca.e fa.rica.ion stra.egy ma. ultima.ely tra.sla.e engineering ca.a.ility into a. a.cessible life sciences toolkit, fulfilling its potentia. to deliver in vitro disea.e models a.d engineered tissue impla.ts.