摘要：Despite a continuing increase in the number of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease,currently available treatments for these patients,such as dialysis and kidney transplantation,are *** kidney is also a critical target organ vulnerable to the toxicity of various new drugs,and the lack of a reliable in vitro culture model imposes a severe limitation on drug *** the development of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)revolutionized strategies in biomedical fields,the complexity of the kidney imposed additional challenge to the application of this technology in kidney ***,the recent advancement in our understanding on the developmental origin of kidney progenitor cells and the mechanisms of their reciprocal induction and self-organization has boosted research in kidney *** since then has demonstrated that kidney organoids derived from iPSCs can serve as a useful model for drug discovery and toxicity screening,as well as for disease modeling,especially in combination with gene editing ***,attempts at kidney organoid implantation in animals have suggested their potential as an alternative source of kidney *** this review,we summarize recent progress on the generation of kidney organoids,as well as the obstacles that remain.