摘要：Electrocatalytic reduction reactions,powered by clean energy sources such as solar energy and wind,offer a sustainable method for converting inexpensive feedstocks(e.g.,CO_(2),N2/NOx,organics,and O_(2))into high-value-added chemicals or *** design and modification of electrocatalysts have been widely implemented to improve their performance in these ***,bottle-necks are encountered,making it challenging to further improve performance through catalyst development ***,cations in the electrolyte have emerged as critical factors for tuning both the activity and product selectivity of reduction *** review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of cation effects in electrocatalytic reduction ***,we introduce the mechanisms underlying cation *** then provide a comprehensive overview of their application in electroreduction *** techniques and theoretical calcula-tion methods for studying cation effects are also ***,we address remaining challeng-es and future perspectives in this *** hope that this review offers fundamental insights and design guidance for utilizing cation effects,thereby advancing their development.

摘要：目的:探讨刺五加皂苷B/E对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞迁移能力的影响及作用机制。方法:CCK-8检测刺五加皂苷B/E对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖能力的影响;细胞划痕实验检测刺五加皂苷B/E对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞迁移的影响;Transwell实验检测刺五加皂苷B/E对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞侵袭的影响;试剂盒检测刺五加皂苷B/E对乳腺癌MDAMB-231细胞乳酸分泌的影响;PCR检测刺五加皂苷B/E对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞HK、PFK和Glut4基因表达的影响;Western Blot法检测刺五加皂苷B/E对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞HK、PFK和Glut4蛋白表达的影响。结果:刺五加皂苷B/E 25、50、100、200μmol·L^-1剂量不抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖;刺五加皂苷B/E 100、200μmol·L^-1能够抑制MDA-MB-231细胞迁移;刺五加皂苷B/E 50、100、200μmol·L^-1能够抑制MDA-MB-231细胞侵袭和乳酸分泌,也能够降低MDA-MB-231细胞有氧糖酵解中相关蛋白HK、PFK、Glut4的表达。结论:刺五加皂苷B/E能够抑制乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的迁移、侵袭,其机制可能与抑制肿瘤细胞糖酵解有关。