摘要：目的：对抑郁症患者，比较普通全科治疗及在普通全科治疗基础上进行两种心理疗法的价效比。研究设计：随机与病人自愿相结合的前瞻性对照试验。研究单位：伦敦和曼彻斯特的全科医疗单位。研究对象：在627例以抑郁或抑郁与焦虑混合患者中，464例适于入选。干预方法：普通全科治疗或由治疗师提供多达12项的非指示性辅导或认知行为治疗。主要结局测定：Beck抑郁总量评分，EuroQol健康相关生命质量测评，直接治疗和非治疗性费用，由于劳动力下降所造成的损失。结果：197例患者随机接受了治疗，137例自愿选择了他们的治疗方案，130例在两种心理疗法中随机分配。在第4个月时，接受两种心理疗法之一的患者较接受普通全科治疗的患者抑郁症状明显减轻。在第12个月时，各组患者的疗效无明显差异。在第4和第12个月时，在直接治疗费用、生产力下降所造成的损失和社会花费方面，3组没有显著差异。多种敏感分析提示，结果与统计学分析时所做的特定假设无关。结论：在现有条件的限制下，资料表明，在短期内两种简短的心理疗法可能较普通疗法有更高的价效比，而两者在花费上无明显区别。在第12个月时，两者在疗效及费用上无显著差异。

摘要：通过收费缓解交通拥堵的政治可行性取决于谁获得通行费收入。指出如果收益被分配给城市,特别是高速公路经过的城市,拥挤收费取得政治成功的可能性最大。与已有的很多建议不同,指出城市是比个体驾驶人和区域政府更有力的收益申索人。基于行为经济学和政治科学理论并结合几个大都市区的数据,对提议进行解析和阐述。在洛杉矶,潜在的拥挤收费收入估计每年接近50亿美元,将这些收入分配至高速公路经过的城市对拥挤收费的实施是有政治影响力和促进作用的。

摘要：An integrated sensor system is implemented using inter-integrated circuit mode (I2C) software, utilizing the PIC182585 MPLAB embedded control system utilizing hardware. The hardware implementation features high level of integration, reliability, high precision, and high speed communications. The system was demonstrated by temperature and CO2 sensors. An extension for Zigbee system is proposed to enhance the security of the integrated system. A bi-directional air/liquid flow sensor is also added to detect the flow magnitude and direction that can be applied to heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC), local and national security within subway systems, and medical equipment. The hardware design of the flow sensor included one heating element and two sensing elements to detect the bi-directional flow. Platinum sensors were found to be of high sensitivity and linear characteristics within 0℃ to 100℃ range, and their high temperature coefficient (0.00385 Ω/Ω/℃). Polyimide thin film heater was used as the heating element due to its high throughput and good thermal efficiency. Two bridge circuits were also designed to sense the temperature distribution in the vicinity of the sensing elements. Three high precision instrumentation low power amplifiers with offset voltage ~2.5 μV (50 μV max) were used for the overall design. The system security is also enhanced with the detection of poison gas using Carbon Nanotube devices (CNT). An antenna system was designed, and a frequency shift was detected to designate the type of poison gas used for a general threat.