摘要：The study evaluated the adsorption of two antibiotics by four engineered adsorbents （hypercrosslinked resin MN-202, macroporous resin XAD-4, activated carbon F-400, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNT）） from aqueous solutions. The dynamic results demonstrated the dominant influence of pore size in adsorption. The adsorption amounts of antibiotics on XAD-4 were attributed to the hydrophobic effect, whereas steric hindrance or micropore-filling played a main role in the adsorption of antibiotics by F-400 because of its high microporosity. Aside from F-400, similar patterns of pH-dependent adsorption were observed, implying the importance of antibiotic molecular forms to the adsorption process for adsorbents. Increasing the ionic concentration with CaCl 2 produced particular adsorption characteristics on MWCNT at pH 2.0 and F-400 at pH 8.0, which were attributed to the highly available contact surfaces and molecular sieving, respectively. Its hybrid characteristics incorporating a considerable portion of mesopores and micropores made hypercross linked MN-202 a superior antibiotic adsorbent with high adsorption capacity. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of MWCNT on the basis of surface area was more advantageous than that of the other adsorbents because MWCNT has a much more compact molecular arrangement.

摘要：捕食性天敌是害虫生物防治中的重要角色,如何精确评估捕食性天敌的捕食作用是生态学中尚待研究的问题之一。为探索柑橘园捕食性天敌对柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri的捕食作用,根据柑橘木虱细胞色素氧化酶I(COⅠ)的基因序列设计了PCR特异性引物,并应用DNA标记方法检测捕食性天敌对柑橘木虱的捕食作用。物种特异性检验结果发现:引物对A对柑橘木虱DNA扩增效果明显,对其他种类的害虫及其天敌不具有扩增作用。田间检测结果表明:在所检测的8类群20种捕食性天敌中,龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica、斜纹猫蛛Oxyopes sertatus、丽草蛉Chrysopa formosa对柑橘木虱具有明显的捕食作用,其阳性反应检出率分别达到58.06%,57.89%,48.00%。室内龟纹瓢虫对柑橘木虱的消化检测表明:龟纹瓢虫成虫取食1头柑橘木虱4龄若虫或成虫时,检测阳性率均随消化时间的延长而下降,其消化半衰期分别为4.93 h和12.98 h。采用DNA标记技术探索捕食作用,为筛选柑橘木虱的优势天敌拓展了新的思路,也为进一步田间生物防治柑橘木虱奠定了基础。

摘要：夏热冬冷地区的农村住宅需要满足建筑保温隔热、地面防潮的要求。现有调查表明,农村住宅地面存在潮湿问题,易发生季节性的地面凝结泛潮现象,影响室内居住品质和居民的身体健康,但另一方面,农村住宅地面温度也是夏季室内被动降温的有利因素,因此需要对地面防潮措施进行优化。本文针对常用的通风架空地面进行优化,提出架空层季节性通风控制,并以重庆农村住宅为例,进行模拟分析。结果显示:优化架空地面不仅能够满足地面防潮需要,而且能够提高地面热工性能,对冬季和夏季的室内热环境和建筑节能产生有利影响:夏季室内地面平均温度可降低0.5℃,冬季底层室内平均温度可提高1℃;在室内采暖空调状态,可减少夏季地面热流19%、冬季地面热流80%。

摘要：目的提高多发伤患者救治效率。方法由医务处和急诊科人员共同设计多发伤患者抢救绿卡,内容包括患者一般资料、联系方式、家庭住址、治疗检查项目及费用。患者到诊后由医生决定、医生护士共同签字后使用,凭绿卡可暂时免交治疗、检查费及入院费用,并可优先。结果使用绿卡抢救476例多发伤患者,从就诊到初步抢救处理后转至病房和手术室的时间为20～48min,患者满意度为100%,未发生医疗纠纷。476例患者中473例患者家属在规定时间(24h)内将绿卡上所记的费用结清,3例因家庭经济困难,经与当地民政部门联系妥善解决。结论使用绿卡抢救多发伤患者,为挽救生命赢得了宝贵的时间,提高了服务水平。