摘要：mole rat （Scaptochirus moschatus）, a soil-burrowing mammal, can efficiently dig soil using its fore claws. The profile curves of its claw toe provide excellent structure for digging. In this paper, a biomimetic stubble-cutting disc was designed by learning from the geometrical characteristics of the mole rat claw toes. To compare the structural strength and working eff^- ciency of the biomimetic disc and the conventional stubble-cutting disc, three-dimensional （3D） models of the discs were built and numerical analyzed in ABAQUS. In the dynamic soil cutting model, soil was modeled as an elastic-plastic material with elastic parameters, including Young＇s modulus, Poisson＇s ratio and Drucker-Prager criterion, which were obtained from triaxial tests. A general contact algorithm was used to simulate the interaction between rotary disc and soil. In FEA models, for the combined action of normal and friction stresses, the stress on the biomimetic disc is 34.33% lower than that of the conventional disc. For only the normal stress, the stress on the biomimetic disc is 22.64% lower than that on the conventional one. The magnitude of soil stress in biomimetie disc cutting model is 6.87% higher than that in conventional disc. The FEA results indicate that the biomimetic disc performs better in structural strength and cutting efficiency.

摘要：陶瓷膜因分离性能好、机械强度高、耐腐蚀、使用寿命长以及易清洗再生等优点在水处理领域备受关注,但是较高的生产成本和膜污染问题限制着陶瓷膜的广泛应用,因此制备面向工业化应用的低成本高性能陶瓷膜成为当前研究热点。本文基于陶瓷膜应用面临的挑战,从低成本原材料和高效膜制备技术两个方面总结了目前低成本陶瓷膜在水处理应用中的最新研究进展,讨论了提高膜过滤效率的膜污染控制措施,为推动陶瓷膜在水处理中的大规模应用提供参考。

摘要：爆破振动对周边建(构)筑的影响一直受到广泛关注。以长滩露天煤矿深孔台阶爆破工程为背景,综合分析邻近11层框剪结构办公楼特点,经过多次爆破振动测试,分析了不同方向下振动速度及主频的分布特征,结合单因素分析得到高程差对不同方向振动速度的显著程度,最后基于量纲分析法研究并提出了多因素影响下的振速预测模型,并应用于爆破安全药量控制设计。主要结论如下:随着楼层的升高,主振方向由水平径向(X)变为水平切向(Y),最后变为垂向(Z);多数工况X轴与Y轴振速分别不大于0.17、0.213 cm/s,高程影响较小;Z轴振速集中在0.05~0.41 cm/s,高程放大效应在7~11层表现显著;对于三轴振动速度,最大单段药量、总药量及水平距离均具有显著性,高程差对X轴振速不具有显著性,对Y轴及Z轴具有显著性。振动主频集中在3~12 Hz,部分达到了16~30 Hz。基于办公楼振速预测模型,结合爆破安全规程及最危险工况下的爆破参数,拉底爆破总药量应控制在10267 kg之内,深孔台阶爆破总药量应控制在8268~8883 kg之间。

摘要：气化灰渣是煤气化转化过程产生的主要副产物,特征分析、炭灰分离和资源化利用是降低其环境危害性、提高煤炭资源利用率的有效途径。论文系统阐释了煤炭气化灰渣的孔隙结构、表面形貌、矿物组成等特征,这有助于根据物化性质设计资源化利用方案;深入分析了气化灰渣的分级、重选、电选、浮选、化学分选等分离技术,多技术联用可提高炭、灰分选效率;全面综述了气化灰渣的资源化利用途径,硅碳复合材料逐步成为气化灰渣大规模资源化的趋势。研究为促进气化灰渣的循环利用起到支撑作用。

摘要：河流具有独特且复杂的树枝状等级性网络拓扑结构,使得河流连通性和生境异质性在不同河网位置上存在明显差异。长期以来,河流生态系统通常被视为局部或线性结构进行研究,忽略了河网位置对群落构建等生态过程的影响。本研究以具有复杂网络结构和自然流态的赤水河为研究区域,探索了河流网络位置对底栖动物α、β多样性和群落构建过程的影响。其中,α多样性使用物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性、Simpson多样性和Pielou均匀度指数来度量;β多样性使用S rensen相异性指数(β_(sФr))和Bray-Curtis相异性指数(d_(BC))来表征,并将其分割为置换和嵌套两种组分;群落构建过程采用冗余分析和变差分解来实现。结果显示:1)赤水河全流域底栖动物群落主要受环境过滤驱动;2)河流网络位置塑造着赤水河底栖动物的多样性格局和群落构建过程。河网中心的干流底栖动物群落主要受环境过滤的影响,而河网边缘的支流底栖动物群落则受到空间限制和环境过滤的共同作用,该发现质疑了河流网络位置假说(network position hypothesis,NPH)在赤水河流域的适用性;支流的α多样性明显高于干流,而干流的β多样性则显著高于支流;β多样性主要由置换组分构成,这表明尽可能多地保护不同位点和生境是维持底栖动物物种多样性的重要举措。本研究有助于深入理解复杂河网影响下底栖动物的物种共存和维持机制,为提出适用于我国亚热带季风区河网的新假说提供视角,为长江上游水生生物保护区选址和设计提供参考和依据。

摘要：针对设计垂直轴风力机翼型时普遍将俯仰角(θ_(p))设定为固定值,导致不能很好地发挥翼型的气动性能的问题,文章首先提出了一种考虑可变θ_(p)的垂直轴风力机设计方法,并将其应用于翼型优化;然后,基于制动圆柱理论不断迭代计算其功率系数(C_p),以极大功率系数直接作为目标函数,利用遗传算法耦合RFOIL软件优化翼型廓线与θ_(p)分布;最后,优化得到垂直轴风力机新翼型VAWT250。与参考翼型AIR001相比,无论是光滑条件,还是粗糙条件,新翼型的气动性能具有明显提升,尤其是粗糙条件,其最大升力系数与升阻比分别提升了16.1%和17.1%;在粗糙条件下,考虑俯仰角时,风力机的最大C_(p)提高了6.81%。该结果对垂直轴风力机翼型的优化设计具有一定的指导意义。

摘要：在青藏高原太阳能富集区,结合单体公共建筑的实际使用特征和建筑用电用热需求,选择适宜的零碳技术方案是避免技术无序推广、无效投资的关键。本文分析了高原办公楼、村委会等小型单体公共建筑的用能特点及现状,提出了2种适宜的太阳能零碳技术方案及设计要点,结合工程案例对所述零碳技术方案进行了探讨,相关内容可为太阳能富集区单体公共建筑零碳化运行及太阳能技术应用示范提供参考借鉴。

摘要：The collected spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating(FBG) and the loss of the detected optical power are discussed with respect to the 3-dB bandwidth of a Fabry-Perot(F-P) type tunable optical filter(TOF),*** the optimized parameters of the TOF are obtained *** is demonstrated that the relationship between the transmission wave-length of the TOF and its drive voltage is nonlinear.A new method to compensate the nonlinearity of the TOF is *** linear sweeping of the transmission wavelength of the TOF is achieved through modifying the drive voltage using interpolation *** is observed that the average error and the maximum error of the transmission wavelength are reduced sharply under linear *** dynamic strain sensing is realized by use of a reference FBG and moving averaging algorithm in this system.

摘要：A multi-channel free space optical interconnection component, fiber optic rotary joint, was designed using a Dove prism. When the Dove prism is rotated an angle of at around the longitudinal axis, the image rotates an angle of 2 at. The optical interconnection component consists of the signal transmission system, Dove prim and driving mechanism. The planetary gears are used to achieve the speed ratio of 2：l between the total optical interconnection component and the Dove prism. The Clenses are employed to couple different optical signals in the signal transmission system. The coupling loss between the receiving fiber of stationary part and the transmitting fiber of rotary part is measured.

摘要：为全面考虑公差对制造成本的影响,将装配成本引入飞机装配公差优化设计模型,针对典型的飞机装配工艺方法,提出一种基于制造成本和质量损失的公差多目标优化设计模型,进而实现不同装配方法约束下的公差优化设计。将灰色关联理论与粒子群优化算法相结合应用于公差优化设计,根据公差设计特点提出改进策略,使其能够有效实现模型的求解。以某飞机典型组件为例,验证了该方法的有效性,并对不同装配方法的公差设计结果进行了对比分析。