摘要：n.merous scien.ific cha.len.es a.ise when.design.n. a.soil mon.torin. n.twork (SMn., esp.cia.ly when.a.sessin. la.ge a.ea. a.0} severa. p.op.rties tha. a.e driven.by n.merous con.rollin. fa.tors of va.ious origin. a.0} sca.es. Differen. broa. a.10}roa.hes to the esta.lishmen. of SMn. a.e distin.uished. It is essen.ia. to esta.lish a.0}a.equa.e sa.p.in. p.otocol tha. ca.0}be a.10}lied rigorously a. ea.h sa.p.in. loca.ion.a.0} time. We ma.e recommen.a.ion. rega.din. the within.site sa.p.in. of soil. Differen. sta.istica. methods should be a.socia.ed with the differen. typ.s of sa.p.in. design. We review n.w sta.istica. methods tha. a.coun. for differen. sources of un.erta.n.y. Excep. for those p.ra.eters for which a.con.en.us exists, the question.of testin. method ha.mon.sa.ion.rema.n. a.very difficult issue. The esta.lishmen. of ben.hma.k sites devoted to ha.mon.sa.ion.a.0} in.er-ca.ibra.ion.is a.voca.ed a. a.techn.ca. solution. However, to our p.esen. kn.wledge, n. study ha. a.dressed crucia. scien.ific issues such a. how ma.0} ca.ibra.ion.sites a.e n.cessa.y a.0} how to loca.e them.