摘要：Extremely small-sized iron oxide nanoparticles(ESIONPs)with sizes less than 5 nm have shown great promise as T_(1)contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).However,their facile and scalable production with simultaneously endowed biocompatible surface chemistry remains difficult to be *** this study,by using the coprecipitation method implemented in a specially designed gas/liquid mixed phase fluidic reactor,polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethyether(PSC)coated ESIONPs were continuously synthesized with controllable particle sizes ranging from 1.8 to 4 *** the differently sized ESIONPs,the 3.7-nm ESIONPs exhibit the best performance as T_(1)MRI contrast agent,featuring a high r_(1) value of 4.11(mmol L^(−1))^(−1)s^(−1)and low r_(2)/r_(1) ratio of 7.90 under a clinical 3 T MR scanning,as well as the excellent T_(1)MRI contrast effect in not only water but also the cellular environment and blood ***,the ESIONPs possess long-term stability and good dispersity in aqueous dispersions,making them ideal candidates as safe and effective T_(1)-weighted MRI contrast agent for real clinical use.

摘要：合成生物学是借助基因工具改造活细胞和生物体的学科,其经历了蓬勃发展阶段,在生物医学领域得到广泛应用,包括新型生物传感器和生物材料设计,以及最新临床治疗药物和疫苗的开发.纳米材料具有独特的物理、化学和生物特性,在拓展合成生物学的生物医学应用场景上具有巨大的潜力,可以提高治疗剂的生产效率,并增强改造生物体的功能.在此,我们简要概述了纳米材料应用于合成生物学领域的最新进展,主要涵盖纳米材料作为递送载体、信号转导器和功能增强剂的角色及其制备过程和性能特点.本综述首先强调了纳米材料作为基因载体的最新成果,包括有机、无机和仿生递送系统;其次,回顾了纳米材料介导的刺激响应型基因表达调控的研究;第三,总结了在可编程的杂化生物活性材料方面的开创性工作,包括纳米材料/细菌杂合系统和纳米材料/哺乳动物细胞杂合系统;最后,讨论了该领域当前面临的挑战,并从个人观点展望了未来的发展前景.

摘要：寒旱区输水渠道防渗衬砌结构极易发生冻胀破坏而影响灌区供水安全和稳定运行。为提高湿陷性黄土地基渠道的抗冻胀性能,以宁夏固海扬水灌区衬砌渠道为例,通过分析原型渠道冻胀破坏特征,基于提高防渗体抗冻胀变形能力的思路,提出了三种不同边坡系数、断面结构形式和边坡筑构材料的防渗结构优化方案,并应用ABAQUS软件,分别计算分析了不同方案的衬砌结构受热力耦合作用下的冻胀变形特征与受力状态。结果表明,在湿陷性黄土地区,弧底梯形渠道的抗冻胀性能普遍优于梯形断面渠道;在渠道防渗衬砌体基土之间加设一定厚度的水泥砂浆垫层,能有效减弱衬砌结构在冻胀作用下的应力集中现象;适当减小渠道边坡系数能有效减少渠道内的冻胀应力峰值;在三种衬砌改造结构中,其峰值应力减幅分别为70.49%、63.36%、27.68%,最大冻胀量降低率分别为7.70%、5.05%、-2.82%,选取边坡系数为1∶1.75的弧底梯形断面型式,并在混凝土防渗面板与基土间设置水泥砂浆垫层时,其抗冻胀效果最佳,可在同类地区推广应用。该研究结果为跨越湿陷性黄土地基的灌区渠道结构改造提供参考,也可为同类地区渠道的防冻胀设计提供依据。

摘要：目的系统评价临床决策支持系统(CDSS)应用于高血压患者血压与心血管风险管理的效果。方法检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、EMbase等数据库,检索时限由建库至2023年5月。由2名研究人员独立进行文献筛选、数据提取、证据质量评价。结果最终纳入11项研究,临床决策支持系统功能包括辅助诊疗、诊疗质量反馈、用药推荐、随访监测、信息提醒、心血管风险评估等。结果显示,CDSS对高血压患者血压及心血管风险管理具有一定的改善作用。文献质量评价结果显示,1篇等级为“强”,4篇为“中”,6篇为“弱”。结论CDSS可以辅助改善高血压患者血压及心血管风险管理效果,未来应用前景广阔。今后的研究可以考虑加强高血压领域CDSS全程化功能设计,建设更多的本土化高血压CDSS。

摘要：The conversion of electromagnetic energy into heat by nanomagnets has the potential to be a powerful, non-invasive technique for cancer therapy by hyperthermia and hyperthermia-based drug release, while temperature controllability and targeted heating are challenges to developing applications of such magnetic inductive hyperthermia. This study was designed to control the hyperthermia position and area using a combination of alternating current （AC） and a static magnetic field. MnZn ferrite （MZF） nanoparticles which exhibited excellent hyperthermia properties were first prepared and characterized as an inductive heating mediator. We built model static magnetic fields simply using a pair of permanent magnets and studied the static magnetic field distributions by measurements and numerical simulations. The influence of the transverse static magnetic fields on hyperthermia properties was then investigated on MZF magnetic fluid, gel phantoms and SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. The results showed a static magnetic field can inhibit the temperature rise of MZF nanoparticles in an AC magnetic field. But in the uneven static magnetic field formed by a magnet pair with repelling poles face-to-face, the heating area can be restricted in a central low static field; meanwhile the side effects of hyperthermia can be reduced by a surrounding high static field. As a result we can position the hyperthermia area, protect the non-therapeutic area, and reduce the side effects lust by using a well-designed combination of AC and static field.

摘要：There has been unprecedented progress in the development of biomedical nanotechnology and nanoma- terials over the past few decades, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems （DDSs） have great potential for clin- ical applications. Among these, magnetic drug delivery systems （MDDSs） based on magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs） are attracting increasing attention owing to their favor- able biocompatibility and excellent multifunctional loading capability. MDDSs primarily have a solid core of super paramagnetic maghemite （y-Fe^03） or magnetite （Fe304） nanoparticles ranging in size from 10 to 100nm. Their surface can be functionalized by organic and/or inorganic modification. Further conjugation with targeting ligands, drug loading, and MNP assembly can provide complex magnetic delivery systems with improved targeting efficacy and reduced toxicity. Owing to their sensitive response to external magnetic fields, MNPs and their assemblies have been developed as novel smart delivery systems. In this review, we first summarize the basic physicochemical and magnetic properties of desirable MDDSs that fulfill the requirements for specific clinical applications. Secondly, we discuss the surface modifications and functionalization issues that arise when designing elaborate MDDSs for future clinical uses. Finally, we highlight recent progress in the design and fabrication of MNPs, magnetic assemblies, and magnetic microbnbbles and liposomes as MDDSs for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Recently, researchers have focused on enhanced targeting efficacy and theranostics by applying step-by-step sequential treatment, and by magnetically mod- ulating dosing regimens, which are the current challenges for clinical applications.

摘要：乡村是城市的基石,是村民的生活和精神家园,寄托了城镇居民的乡愁,乡村建筑不仅反映了乡村的形象,更是乡村文化的载体。生土建筑是人类最早的建筑方式之一,不仅应用范围广,而且拥有自然属性,同时它凭借价格低廉、施工方便等优势在传统民居建筑中得到了广泛应用,现在亦是践行可持续发展理念的一大生态建筑类型。夯土技艺作为传统的建造施工技艺之一,具有极高的文化价值,对研究和传承传统建筑技艺具有重要意义,其精湛的工艺技巧对现代施工也有极高的借鉴价值。但是,随着时代的发展,传统技艺逐渐销声匿迹,被淹没在历史长河中,这是现代社会无法避免的一大难题。研究和重拾传统技艺,不仅能够阻止传统技艺走向消亡,还能为相关技艺的优化升级作出重要贡献。文章分析探究传统夯土技艺,归纳夯土的生态自然属性和其所代表的文化精神,探索突破传统民居的固有空间形式的现代夯土空间的结构和形式,让现代结构空间理念和传统结构空间理念碰撞出新的火花,挖掘夯土的多元价值属性,给现代乡村的后续改造和发展带来启发,并通过案例分析探究现代夯土技艺在乡村空间改造、环境重塑、文化提炼等方面发挥的作用。

摘要：在再生医学领域中,材料对细胞生长和组织修复的调节作用一直是极为关键的问题。随着表面图案化技术的发展,在材料表面制备规则、可控、种类多样的图案化区域成为可能,因而该技术被广泛应用于再生医学、组织工程以及细胞诊断等相关学科领域。通过微纳米表面图案化方法,改变材料的化学性质和拓扑结构,从而实现对细胞粘附、迁移、增殖、凋亡、基因表达及分化的调控,受到越来越多关注。这其中涉及多种多样的微纳米结构、基底材料、修饰材料、细胞类型和细胞行为。该文归纳了目前主要的微纳米表面图案化方法,并从各向异性拓扑结构、各向同性拓扑结构以及复合型结构着手,概述了基于材料微纳米结构对细胞行为调控这一领域的研究工作,尝试总结细胞行为与生长环境的具体联系,为再生医学中所使用的支架、植入物的设计提供参考。

摘要：先前研究表明,银纳米颗粒可作为潜在的胶质瘤放疗的增敏剂,但这一作用受到自噬的限制.作为最有前途的药物递送载体之一,介孔二氧化硅纳米球由于其优异的药物负载性能、固有的生物相容性和可调节的孔径,对生物医学的发展做出了巨大贡献.在此,我们设计了一种负载自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤的纳米银核介孔二氧化硅纳米球,其在体外和体内均表现出优异的协同抗癌作用.并且证实了抑制自噬可以进一步改善胶质瘤放疗的效果.此外,还从与氧化应激相关的核转录因子Nrf2的角度探讨了可能的机制,包括自噬抑制增强辐射诱导的氧化应激损伤以及Nrf2与自噬的相互作用.这项研究为将纳米银作为与自噬抑制剂结合用于胶质瘤放射增敏提供了一个愿景,并为其临床转化提供了一种可行的策略.

摘要：为了保证数据密集型网格中的数据的可获取性,采用对数据资源增加存储副本的方法,提出了一种数据密集型网格环境下的大数据分片存储及散发方法,并设计了一种数据自动复制及散发模型。初步实验表明该方法能够以较小的系统代价大幅度提高数据的可获取性。