摘要：There has been unprecedented progress in the development of biomedical nanotechnology and nanoma- terials over the past few decades, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems （DDSs） have great potential for clin- ical applications. Among these, magnetic drug delivery systems （MDDSs） based on magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs） are attracting increasing attention owing to their favor- able biocompatibility and excellent multifunctional loading capability. MDDSs primarily have a solid core of super paramagnetic maghemite （y-Fe^03） or magnetite （Fe304） nanoparticles ranging in size from 10 to 100nm. Their surface can be functionalized by organic and/or inorganic modification. Further conjugation with targeting ligands, drug loading, and MNP assembly can provide complex magnetic delivery systems with improved targeting efficacy and reduced toxicity. Owing to their sensitive response to external magnetic fields, MNPs and their assemblies have been developed as novel smart delivery systems. In this review, we first summarize the basic physicochemical and magnetic properties of desirable MDDSs that fulfill the requirements for specific clinical applications. Secondly, we discuss the surface modifications and functionalization issues that arise when designing elaborate MDDSs for future clinical uses. Finally, we highlight recent progress in the design and fabrication of MNPs, magnetic assemblies, and magnetic microbnbbles and liposomes as MDDSs for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Recently, researchers have focused on enhanced targeting efficacy and theranostics by applying step-by-step sequential treatment, and by magnetically mod- ulating dosing regimens, which are the current challenges for clinical applications.

摘要：先前研究表明,银纳米颗粒可作为潜在的胶质瘤放疗的增敏剂,但这一作用受到自噬的限制.作为最有前途的药物递送载体之一,介孔二氧化硅纳米球由于其优异的药物负载性能、固有的生物相容性和可调节的孔径,对生物医学的发展做出了巨大贡献.在此,我们设计了一种负载自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤的纳米银核介孔二氧化硅纳米球,其在体外和体内均表现出优异的协同抗癌作用.并且证实了抑制自噬可以进一步改善胶质瘤放疗的效果.此外,还从与氧化应激相关的核转录因子Nrf2的角度探讨了可能的机制,包括自噬抑制增强辐射诱导的氧化应激损伤以及Nrf2与自噬的相互作用.这项研究为将纳米银作为与自噬抑制剂结合用于胶质瘤放射增敏提供了一个愿景,并为其临床转化提供了一种可行的策略.

摘要：外泌体作为天然药物运送载体具有诸多优点,但其对细胞内源药物(蛋白、核酸等)的有限装载限制了其应用。文中以红色荧光蛋白mCherry为模拟细胞内源性货物,通过对供体细胞的基因改造及采用膜定位元件融合策略,将mCherry富集于细胞质膜,再经天然发生(Biogenesis)途径,高效分选进入外泌体。结果表明,在CAAX、PB、Palm和CD63四组膜定位元件中,CD63和Palm能有效提高靶蛋白mCherry在外泌体中的装载量。该研究可为工程化外泌体的设计、内源蛋白等货物的高效递送提供参考。

摘要：Extremely small-sized iron oxide nanoparticles(ESIONPs)with sizes less than 5 nm have shown great promise as T_(1)contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).However,their facile and scalable production with simultaneously endowed biocompatible surface chemistry remains difficult to be *** this study,by using the coprecipitation method implemented in a specially designed gas/liquid mixed phase fluidic reactor,polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethyether(PSC)coated ESIONPs were continuously synthesized with controllable particle sizes ranging from 1.8 to 4 *** the differently sized ESIONPs,the 3.7-nm ESIONPs exhibit the best performance as T_(1)MRI contrast agent,featuring a high r_(1) value of 4.11(mmol L^(−1))^(−1)s^(−1)and low r_(2)/r_(1) ratio of 7.90 under a clinical 3 T MR scanning,as well as the excellent T_(1)MRI contrast effect in not only water but also the cellular environment and blood ***,the ESIONPs possess long-term stability and good dispersity in aqueous dispersions,making them ideal candidates as safe and effective T_(1)-weighted MRI contrast agent for real clinical use.

摘要：合成生物学是借助基因工具改造活细胞和生物体的学科,其经历了蓬勃发展阶段,在生物医学领域得到广泛应用,包括新型生物传感器和生物材料设计,以及最新临床治疗药物和疫苗的开发.纳米材料具有独特的物理、化学和生物特性,在拓展合成生物学的生物医学应用场景上具有巨大的潜力,可以提高治疗剂的生产效率,并增强改造生物体的功能.在此,我们简要概述了纳米材料应用于合成生物学领域的最新进展,主要涵盖纳米材料作为递送载体、信号转导器和功能增强剂的角色及其制备过程和性能特点.本综述首先强调了纳米材料作为基因载体的最新成果,包括有机、无机和仿生递送系统;其次,回顾了纳米材料介导的刺激响应型基因表达调控的研究;第三,总结了在可编程的杂化生物活性材料方面的开创性工作,包括纳米材料/细菌杂合系统和纳米材料/哺乳动物细胞杂合系统;最后,讨论了该领域当前面临的挑战,并从个人观点展望了未来的发展前景.

摘要：目的设计合成一系列的杯[3]咔唑大环衍生物,研究其对阿糖胞苷的主客体识别性能,继而期待作为阿糖胞苷的分子载体。方法以咔唑为起始原料,经亲核取代和环合反应得到杯[3]咔唑母核;氧化母核的亚甲基桥生成以七元环缩酮为桥的化合物1,然后将其和化合物D进行氨解合成“桥”和“上沿”双修饰的杯[3]咔唑衍生物(2和3)。利用紫外-可见光谱和扫描电子显微镜测试化合物2和3对阿糖胞苷客体的识别能力以及脂溶性改善能力。结果与结论设计合成了2个目标化合物,其经过^(1)H-NMR、^(13)C-NMR和HRMS确证。其中化合物2对阿糖胞苷具有良好的结合作用,改善了阿糖胞苷的亲脂性。

摘要：The conversion of electromagnetic energy into heat by nanomagnets has the potential to be a powerful, non-invasive technique for cancer therapy by hyperthermia and hyperthermia-based drug release, while temperature controllability and targeted heating are challenges to developing applications of such magnetic inductive hyperthermia. This study was designed to control the hyperthermia position and area using a combination of alternating current （AC） and a static magnetic field. MnZn ferrite （MZF） nanoparticles which exhibited excellent hyperthermia properties were first prepared and characterized as an inductive heating mediator. We built model static magnetic fields simply using a pair of permanent magnets and studied the static magnetic field distributions by measurements and numerical simulations. The influence of the transverse static magnetic fields on hyperthermia properties was then investigated on MZF magnetic fluid, gel phantoms and SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. The results showed a static magnetic field can inhibit the temperature rise of MZF nanoparticles in an AC magnetic field. But in the uneven static magnetic field formed by a magnet pair with repelling poles face-to-face, the heating area can be restricted in a central low static field; meanwhile the side effects of hyperthermia can be reduced by a surrounding high static field. As a result we can position the hyperthermia area, protect the non-therapeutic area, and reduce the side effects lust by using a well-designed combination of AC and static field.

摘要：为了保证数据密集型网格中的数据的可获取性,采用对数据资源增加存储副本的方法,提出了一种数据密集型网格环境下的大数据分片存储及散发方法,并设计了一种数据自动复制及散发模型。初步实验表明该方法能够以较小的系统代价大幅度提高数据的可获取性。

摘要：为了提高能应用于单细胞温度测量实验的W-Pt微纳热电偶的制作效率和稳定性,采用自动化控制技术完成W-Pt微纳热电偶批量制备系统的设计和实现.采用模块化设计方式,分别完成系统整体结构、电气控制系统部分的设计与实现,采用扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜和水浴定标系统研究该系统制作的W-Pt微纳热电偶参数,包括W针尖端曲率半径、尖端锥角、裸露基极长度和Seeback系数.研究表明：该系统可实现快速制作性能稳定的W-Pt微纳热电偶,制作的大部分热电偶尖端曲率半径小于500 nm,锥角小于18°,裸露基极长度小于100μm,Seeback系数为4~8μV/K,可很好地应用于单细胞温度测量实验.

摘要：为了得到热疗用交变磁场场强的空间分布,设计并研制了基于DSP的磁场测量装置.该装置由3个部分构成:交变磁场传感器、感应电压信号处理采集模块和线圈传感器的三轴运动导轨.交变磁场传感器由面积很小的单匝线圈构成,相对较大的磁场分布空间,通过小线圈的磁场可近似视为均匀.线圈测得的磁场信号经过前端处理转化为数字信号.通过三轴运动导轨控制传感器的位置可以得到空间各点的磁场强度信号.由于DSP F2812具有良好的运动控制功能以及片载A/D较高采样的频率,可用来控制整个系统.根据磁场强度的分布可以确定热疗中升温效果最好的空间.