摘要：Facing challenges of population decline and fiscal austerity,Japan has implemented a series of initiatives to promote public-private partnerships(PPP)to ensure the sustainability of urban parks and revitalize urban *** initiatives,while alleviating the government’s financial burdens on parks,have also raised concerns about the potential erosion of publicness and public interests resulted from the commercialization of public *** paper reviews the evolution of Japan’s urban park management system after World War II—including three phases of being purely public goods,initiating marketization,and diversifying management *** functions of parks have continuously enriched,and the construction,management,and operational modes have shifted from government-led towards multi-stakeholder participation,along with expanded funding *** examining the PPP types,driving forces,implementation mechanisms and challenges in urban park management,this paper points out that,in different eras and social contexts,the Japanese government has kept adjusting its role to maximize public *** has proactively updated the implications of publicness in infrastructure like urban parks,from a post-war opposite of publicness versus privateness on ownership,to the participation of private capital for a higher efficiency,and finally to a community for a stronger regional *** reforms of urban park management system in Japan offer significant lessons and insights for urban infrastructure management in other countries and regions.

摘要：地处东京市核心的日比谷公园是日本近代首个“西式”城市公园。与本土长期孕育形成的寺庙、神社和大名的私家庭园为代表的传统园林文化艺术不同,它被认为是从西方“城市文明”中舶来的“城市装置”。通过梳理日比谷公园发展变迁的历史资料和实地采访取证,揭示日比谷公园诞生以及公园空间的变迁。结果表明,日比谷公园的诞生是源于日本对欧美城市化的效仿,融合美国公园规划理论和德国人民公园的理论,园内的局部空间与建筑设施在社会变迁、战争灾害、时代特征的影响下表现出不同的特点。城市公园的空间演变也是日本社会主体意识变迁的写照,它体现了诞生初期日本对欧美城市化的效仿开始从以自上而下为主的教育意识,向民众对公共空间主导意识的转变。