摘要：Objectiv.: To inv.stigate the effects of hormone therapy, estrogen therapy and tibolone on markers of apoptosis including bcl-2, and bax and cyclin D 1 expression in postmenopausal v.ginal epithelium. Study design: Thirty postmenopausal women were randomized to the treatment protocols (0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) ? 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA); 2 mg estradiol v.lerate; 2.5 mg tibolone). After baseline v.ginal biopsy, control biopsies were performed after 70 days following the initiation of the therapy. Bcl-2, bax, Bcl-2/bax ratio, cyclin D1 measurements were performed immunohistochemically. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests. Results: After the treatment period the abov.-mentioned parameters were not different among the groups except for cyclin D1 lev.ls. Cyclin D1 expression was found to be strong in patients with treated estradiol v.lerate. Conclusions: The effects of estrogen on cyclin D1 expression were not detected with tibolone or with the addition of progesterone to estrogen in the v.ginal epithelium. Cyclin D1 appeared to hav. stronger effects on the estrogen related proliferation compared to apoptotic markers in v.ginal epithelial cells.

摘要：Objectiv.: The aim of the present study was to compare the Helicobacter pylori (HP) seropositiv.ty and cytotoxin associated gene A (cagA) status in pregnant women with dyspeptic complaints and pregnant women with no gastrointestinal symptoms. Study design: Sev.ntyone consecutiv. pregnant women with gastrointestinal complaints and 72 agematched pregnant women without any gastrointestinal symptoms or a history of gastrointestinal disease were included in the study. Demographic characteristics and H. pylori and cytotoxin associated gene A status of the groups were analysed. Results: The prev.lence of H. pylori seropositiv.ty was slightly but not significantly higher in patients with dyspeptic complaints compared to the controls (74.6%v.rsus 63.8%, respectiv.ly, P>0.05). The incidence of dyspeptic complaints were 53.5%in HPseropositiv. and 40.9%in HPseronegativ. women (P>0.05). The prev.lence of cytotoxin associated gene A positiv.ty among H. pyloriseropositiv. women was significantly higher in dyspeptic pregnants compared to the controls (75.5%v.rsus 45.7%, respectiv.ly, P=0.002). Among HPseropositiv. women, the incidence of dyspeptic complaints was significantly higher in cagApositiv. patients compared to the cagAnegativ. ones (65.6%v.rsus 34.2%, respectiv.ly, P=0.002). When analysed according to the trimesters, the prev.lence of cytotoxin associated gene A positiv.ty among H. pyloriseropositiv. women was significantly higher in dyspeptic pregnants compared to the controls in the first trimester (68.0%v.rsus 34.8%, respectiv.ly, P=0.021). Conclusion: Cytotoxin associated gene A-positiv., v.rulant H. pylori strains were found to be more frequently associated with dyspeptic complaints in pregnant women.