摘要：A worldwide consensus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions has been reached at the technical and political level. However, as the issue involves economic costs and developmental interests, the international institutional framework for addressing global greenhouse gas emissions has consistently failed to balance the demands of equity and sustainability. But the sustainability of carbon budget proposal is undoubtedly achievable if the total global carbon budget （the total amount of carbon permitted by climate security） is made an absolute constraint. If an initial allocation is made among all members of the global village on a per capita basis, a limited total budget could not only meet basic needs but also ensure equity. Taking into account historical emission levels and future needs, we should implement carbon budget transfer payments and devise a corresponding financial mechanism to ensure efficient allocation. Unlike the phase-by-phase progress and provisional goals of the Kyoto Protocol, the carbon budget proposal presented here is a comprehensive and holistic package. Due to the politicization of the climate change question, however, many technical issues can only be worked out through international political and diplomatic negotiations.

摘要：2006年10月,英国推出的由著名经济学家斯特恩爵士领导编写的《斯特恩回顾:气候变化经济学》,从经济学的角度着重论述了全球应对气候变化的紧迫性,强调只有尽快大幅度减少温室气体排放,才能避免全球升温超过2℃可能造成的巨大经济损失,且减排成本并不高。2008年4月,斯特恩爵士再次推出一份报告,提出为实现上述目标构建2012年后国际气候制度的基本要素,这对后续国际谈判可能会产生一定的影响。通过比较分析两份报告的关系和不同特点,对新报告中国际气候制度设计和评价的基本原则,全球减排的长期目标和减排义务的分担,通过资金、技术、市场、适应等国际政策措施吸引发展中国家参与,减少毁林排放,以及政策执行和制度建设等问题进行了评述和解读,其中内涵对深入开展国际气候制度的研究和我国参与国际气候谈判有重要启发。